Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sensation
Sensation
• Absolute threshold
• Signal detection theory
• Subliminal
• Difference threshold
• Weber’s law
• Sensory adaptation
Absolute Threshold
The Absolute Threshold is the level of
stimulus that produces a positive response of
detection 50% of the time.
the lowest level of stimulation that a person
can consciously detect 50 percent of the time
the stimulation is present.
The Absolute Thresholds for the “5” senses in
humans are the following:
1. Vision: Seeing a candle flame 30 miles away
on a clear night.
2. Hearing: Hearing a watch ticking 20 feet
away.
3. Taste: Tasting 1 teaspoon of sugar dissolved
into 2 gallons of water.
4. Smell: Smelling one drop of perfume in a 3
room house.
5. Touch: Feeling a bee’s wing falling a
distance of one centimeter onto your cheek.
Signal detection theory
SENSORY SYSTEM
1. Visual Sensation
• Our most dominating sense.
• Parts:- cornea, iris, retina, optic nerve and
pupil.
• Stimulated by various wavelengths of
light.
• The different wavelengths are responsible
for the diversity of colors we see.
• Light is electromagnetic radiation that
travels in the form of waves. Light is
emitted from the sun, stars, fire, and
lightbulbs.
The Human Eye
Sensory Receptor Cells
• There are two types of sensory receptor
cells which are located on the retina
– Rods
– Cones
• Rods enable us to see black and white, are
more sensitive to light, and there are 100
million in each eye
• Cones enable us to see color, they work
best in bright light, there are 6.5 million in
each eye and they are located mostly at
the center of the eye
Sensory Receptor Cells
• These cells transform light energy into
neural impulses that are sent to various
areas in the brain through the bundle
of neurons called the optic nerve.
• What is the place called in which the optic
nerve leaves the eye?
– The blind spot
• Why is it called “the blind spot”?
– Because there are no rods & cones on this area
(there are neurons instead), images that fall
on this area of the retina are not “seen”!
2. Auditory/Hearing Sensation
Hearing
• Hearing depends on vibrations in the air
called sound waves.
• Sound waves from the air pass through
various bones until they reach the inner
ear, which contains tiny hair like cells that
move back and forth.
• These hair cells change sound vibrations
into neuronal signals that travel
through the auditory nerve to the
brain.
Transduction in the ear
Sound waves hit the eardrum then anvil then
hammer then stirrup then oval window.
Everything is just vibrating. Then the cochlea
vibrates.
The cochlea is lined with mucus called basilar
membrane.
In basilar membrane there are hair cells.
When hair cells vibrate they turn vibrations into
neural impulses which are called organ of Corti.
Sent then to thalamus up auditory
• Thermal experiences
– warmth and cold
Pain
• Pain receptors are probably the most important for
your safety because they can protect you by
warning your brain that your body is hurt!
• Pain
– Motivates us to tend to injuries, to restrict activity, and to
seek medical help
– Teaches us to avoid pain-producing circumstances in the
future