Types Of Vaccines: Live Attenuated,

Killed,subunit, Toxoid, Conjugate,mRNA

Vaccine.Adjuvant's Role

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Introduction to Vaccines

Vaccines are important tools in preventing and

controlling infectious diseases.

There are several different types of vaccines

available.

Each type of vaccine has its own unique

characteristics and advantages.

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Live Attenuated Vaccines

Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened

forms of the live virus or bacteria.

They stimulate a strong immune response and

provide long-lasting immunity.

Examples include measles, mumps, rubella

(MMR) vaccine and oral polio vaccine.

2
Killed Vaccines

Killed vaccines are made from inactivated

viruses or bacteria.

They are safe and can be used in

immunocompromised individuals.

Examples include the inactivated polio vaccine

and the hepatitis A vaccine.

3
Subunit Vaccines

Subunit vaccines contain only specific proteins

or parts of the virus or bacteria.

They are safe and do not contain live or

inactivated pathogens.

Examples include the hepatitis B vaccine and

the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.

4
Toxoid Vaccines

Toxoid vaccines are made from inactivated

toxins produced by bacteria.

They stimulate the production of antibodies

against the toxins.

Examples include the tetanus and diphtheria

vaccines.

5
Conjugate Vaccines

Conjugate vaccines combine a weak antigen

with a strong antigen.

They enhance the immune response, especially

in young children.

Examples include the Haemophilus influenzae

type b (Hib) vaccine and the pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine (PCV).

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mRNA Vaccines

mRNA vaccines contain a small piece of the

virus's genetic material.

They instruct our cells to produce a viral

protein, triggering an immune response.

Examples include the Pfizer-BioNTech and

Moderna COVID-19 vaccines.

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Adjuvants in Vaccines

Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to

enhance the immune response.

They help stimulate a stronger and more

prolonged immune response.

Examples of adjuvants include aluminum salts

and MF59.

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Aluminum Salts

Aluminum salts are the most commonly used

adjuvants in vaccines.

They enhance the immune response by

attracting immune cells to the injection site.

Examples of vaccines containing aluminum

salts include the hepatitis B and human
papillomavirus vaccines.

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Title

MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant.

It enhances the immune response by promoting

the uptake of antigens by immune cells.

It is used in the influenza vaccine for older

adults.

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Adjuvants and Vaccine Safety

Adjuvants have been extensively studied for

their safety and efficacy.

They are carefully regulated and undergo

rigorous testing before being approved for use.

Adjuvants have a long history of use in

vaccines and have a proven safety profile.

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Summary of Vaccine Types

Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened

forms of the live virus or bacteria.

Killed vaccines are made from inactivated

viruses or bacteria.

Subunit vaccines contain specific proteins or

parts of the virus or bacteria.

12
Summary of Adjuvants

Adjuvants enhance the immune response to

vaccines.

Aluminum salts are the most commonly used

adjuvants.

MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant.

13
Conclusion

Vaccines play a crucial role in preventing and

controlling infectious diseases.

Different types of vaccines offer unique

advantages and are used in specific situations.

Adjuvants enhance the immune response to

vaccines, ensuring better protection.

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References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

(2021). Types of Vaccines. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/vpd-vac-
terms.html

World Health Organization. (2021). Vaccines

and Immunization. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-
and-immunization#tab=tab_1

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021).

Vaccine Development 10

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