PROCEDURE

What is A PROCEDURE?

A procedure is a sequence of practical or mechanical steps which

are done to achieve a goal or a result. For example, when you
want to type your papers by computer, you should follow some
steps to operate the computer. To know the steps, you can join
computer operation courses or read the manual books. Procedure
texts can be spoken or written. Knowing much about procedure
text is very useful for our daily life especially, later when you work
with machines or things that need some procedure to operate.
Principally, procedures deal with how to do, make, and use
something.
Examples of procedure texts
include:

 Tips (using Procedure steps)

 Recipes
 Instruction manuals (manual book)
 Directions
Social Function of Procedure Text

 To instruct/ give instructions of

how to do/ use/ make
something.
 Generic Structure Components
1. Goal :
 Title of the text (e.g. “How to make a cup of coffee milk”/ “How to Install a Program”)
2. Materials:
(Optional, not for all procedural texts)
e.g.
 The ingredients are (especially for a recipe):
 a. a spoonful of sugar
 b. .………..
 c. .………..
or, What you need (tools/ equipment/ kitchen utensils) :
 a. a teapot/ a set of computer
 b. .………..
 c. .………..
3. Steps (Method): a series of steps oriented to achieving the Goal.
 e.g. 1. Boil 200 cc of water. (Verb 1 ...)
 2. .………
 3. ………
Language Features
The use of Simple present tense, often in an imperative form.
 e.g. Add some sugar and salt.
 Download the application file...
 The Use mainly of temporal conjunctions (or numbering to indicate
sequence – in written text, and sequencers & time introducers -
especially in spoken text).
 
a. As the Sentence introducers (sequencers), especially in spoken
texts:
 Firstly,……
 Secondly,……
 Then,……………
 After that,………….
 Afterwards,….
 Finally,…………  
b. As Time introducers, especially in
spoken text:
 …. before …
 After……, ……….
 When……, …..
 While……,……..
 …..until…..
 During……, …..
 Up next...
 PROCEDURE
Models of a procedure
Grammatical
o
Structures 1 Turn oven into 160 C. features

2 Lightly grease oven tray.

3 Mix oats, flour and sugar in a large bowl. SENTENCES
BEGINNING
4 Melt butter and golden syrup in a pan. WITH VERBS

5 Mix baking soda and boiling water in a cup.

SEQUENCE OF
STEPS IN THE 6 Add this mixture to melted butter and golden
SENTENCES
ORDER THEY syrup WRITTEN AS
NEED TO BE
COMMANDS
COMPLETED 7 Add this to the oats mixture in the large bowl,
mix together well.
8 Roll tablespoonfuls of the mixture into balls. Put
on tray 5 cm apart.
9 Press lightly on top of each with a fork.
10 Bake for 20 minutes
 PROCEDURE
Models of a procedure (spOKeN) - TIPS
Grammatical
Structures features

TITLE
How to reduce the risk of heart
ADVERBS
GIVES attack SHOWING
GOAL
ORDER

Today I will tell you how to reduce the risk of

having a heart attack. SENTENCES
Firstly, be a non-smoker. Secondly, see WRITTEN AS
COMMANDS
SEQUENCE OF
your doctor regularly for tests to check your
STEPS TO cholesterol levels. Thirdly, eat a low-fat diet
ACIEVE THE
GOAL
and keep to a healthy weight. Finally, exercise
regularly.
 PROCEDURE
Models of a procedure (WRITTEn) - TIPS
Grammatical
Structures features

TITLE
How to reduce the risk of heart
Numbering
GIVES attack SHOWING
GOAL
ORDER

1. Be a non-smoker.
2. See your doctor regularly for tests to SENTENCES
check your cholesterol levels. WRITTEN AS
COMMANDS
SEQUENCE OF 3. Eat a low-fat diet and keep to a healthy
STEPS TO weight.
ACIEVE THE
GOAL 4. Exercise regularly.