Comparative Models in Policing

MS. JANEEN G. ALFONSO

WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY THE
POLICING SYSTEM IN THE OTHER
COUNTRIES?
GLOBALIZA
TION
It is a package of transnational flow of people, production,
investment, information, ideas and authority.
According to ALISON BRYSK in a digest paper stated that
globalization is the growing interpretation of states, markets,
communication and ideas.
 It is one of the leading characteristics of the contemporary world.
GLOBALIZATIO
N

Assaults on fundamental human dignity continue, and the

very blurring of boarders and rise of transnational actors
that facilitated the development of a global human rights
regime that may also be generating new sources of human
rights abuse.
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT

Every law enforcement agency in the world is expected to be the

protector of the people’s rights.

The challenge of globalization is that unaccountable flow of migration

and open markets present new threats which are not amenable to
state-based human rights regime while the new opportunities of
global information and institutions are insufficiently accessible and
distorted by persistent state intervention
THREATS ON LAW ENFORCEMENT

Some threats brought about by globalization are:

a. Genocide or mass killing;

b. Conflict between nations;
c. Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money
laundering, terrorism, etc.
 TRANSNATIONAL
CRIMES

 The concept of transnational crime was coined by the United Nations (UN)
Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch to identify certain criminal
phenomena transcending international borders, transgressing the laws of
several states or having impact on another country.

 a continuing illegal activity of group of person which is primarily concerned

with the generation of profits, irrespective of national boundaries as a
result of globalization.
 Also known as “BORDERLESS CRIME”
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME

is a crime perpetuated by organized criminal group which the aim

of committing one or more serious crimes or offenses in order to
obtain directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefits
committed through crossing of borders or jurisdictions.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUP

shall mean a structured group of three or more persons,

existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the
aim of committing or more serious crimes or offenses
established in accordance with this convention, in order to
obtain, directly or indirectly , a financial or material
benefit
ELEMENTS OF
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
It is committed in more than one State;
It is committed in one State but substantial part of its preparation,
planning, direction or control takes place in another State;
It is committed in one State but involves an organized criminal
group engages in criminal activities in more than one State; or
It is committed in one State but has substantial effects in another
State.
FACTORS MAKING A NATION “HOSPITABLE” TO
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
 Corruption
 Incomplete or weak legislation
 Poor enforcement of existing laws
 Non-transparent Financial institutions
 Unfavorable economic conditions
 Lack of respect for the rule of law in society
 Poorly guarded national borders
 Lack of political will to establish rule of law
 Geographic location (e.g. along arms or narcotics trafficking route)
 Regional geopolitical issues (e.g. long-standing territorial dispute).
PRIMARY STRATEGIES AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME

Good Governance
 Strict implementation on the Rule of Law
International Cooperation (INTERPOL, UN,ASEAN)
TRANSNATIONAL
CRIMES
 Trafficking in Persons
 Terrorism
 Drug Trafficking
 Cybercrime
 Money Laundering
 Environmental Crime
 Economic crime
 Intellectual Property Theft
 Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships
 Illicit Trade (smuggling) of Small Arms and Light Weapons
DO WE HAVE AN AGENCY
HERE IN OUR COUNTRY
THAT COMBATS
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES?
PHILIPPINE CENTER ON TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

Executive Order No. 62, s.1999

CREATING THE PHILIPPINE CENTER ON TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
TO FORMULATE AND IMPLEMENT A CONCERTED PROGRAM OF
ACTION OF ALL LAW ENFORCEMENT, INTELLIGENCE AND OTHER
AGENCIES FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME (TITLE)
JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA (President of the Philippines)- The one
who signed the said EO
PHILIPPINE CENTER ON TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1999/01/15/executive-order-n
o-62-s-1999/#:~:text=SECTION%201.,and%20control%20of%20tra
nsnational%20crime
.

https://pctc.gov.ph/
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