Discovering Computers

Enhanced Edition ©2017

Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of
Technology

Chapter 7
Digital Storage
Objectives Overview

Differentiate Describe the Describe the

between storage characteristics of benefits of solid-
and memory internal hard disks state drives

Differentiate among
Identify uses of
various types of
external hard disks
memory cards and
and RAID
USB flash drives

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for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Objectives Overview

Describe
Discuss the benefits
characteristics of and
and uses of cloud
differentiate among
storage
types of optical discs

Identify uses of
Explain types of magnetic stripe cards,
enterprise storage smart cards, RFID
tags, and NFC tags
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for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Storag
e

A storage medium is the physical material on

which a computer keeps data, information,
programs, and applications

Cloud storage keeps information on servers on

the Internet, and the actual media on which
the files are stored are transparent to the user
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in whole or in part.
Storag
e
• A storage device is the hardware that records
and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
Reading is the process
of transferring items
from a storage medium
into memory

Writing is the process of

transferring items from
memory to a storage
medium
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in whole or in part.
Storag
e

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Figure 8-1 in whole or in part.
Storag
e
• Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium
can hold

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Table 8-1 in whole or in part.
Storag
e
• Items on a storage medium remain intact even
when you turn off a computer or mobile device

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Figure 8-2 website, in whole or in part.
Storag
e
• Access time measures:
– The amount of time it
takes a storage device to
locate an item on a
storage medium
– The time required to
deliver an item
from memory to
the processor

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Figure 8-3 website, in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• A hard disk, also called a hard disk drive (HDD) contains one
or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles
to store data, instructions, and information

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Figure 8-4 in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• The storage capacity of hard disks varies and is

determined by:
– The number of platters the hard disk contains
– Whether the disk uses longitudinal or perpendicular
recording
– Density

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in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• Formatting is the process of dividing the disk into tracks

and sectors

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Figure 8-5 in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• Characteristics of a hard disk include:

Track Sectors Platter

s s

Read/ Revolutions
Form factor
write per
head minute
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in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

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Figure 8-6 website, in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• A head crash occurs when a read/write head

touches the surface of a platter
• Always keep a backup of your hard disk

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Figure 8-7 website, in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• An SSD (solid state drive) is a flash memory storage

device that contains its own processor to manage its
storage
• An SSD (solid state drive) has several advantages over
traditional (magnetic) hard disks:
Faster access Faster transfer Quieter
More durable Lighter weight
times rates operation

Less power Less heat Defragmentatio

Longer life
consumption generatio n not
n required
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in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• An external hard disk is a separate freestanding

storage device that connects with a cable to a USB
port or other port on a computer or mobile
device

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Figure 8-9 website, in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a

group of two or more integrated hard disks or
SSDs

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Figure 8-10 website, in whole or in part.
Portable Flash Memory Storage

• A memory card is a removable flash memory

storage device that you insert and remove from a
slot in a computer, mobile device, or card
reader/writer
SDHC SDXC miniSD microSDHC
microSDXC

xD Picture Memory Stick

CF M2
Card PRO Duo

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in whole or in part.
Portable Flash Memory Storage

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Figure 8-11 in whole or in part.
Portable Flash Memory Storage

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Figure 8-12 in whole or in part.
Portable Flash Memory Storage

• USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a

computer or mobile device

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Figure 8-13 in whole or in part.
Cloud Storage

• Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides

storage to computer or mobile device users

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in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

• An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable

disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is
written and read by a laser

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Figure 8-14 website, in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

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Figure 8-15 website, in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

• Optical discs commonly

store items in a single
track that spirals from
the center of the disc to
the edge of the disc
• Track is divided into
evenly sized
sectors

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Figure 8-16 in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

A CD-ROM can be A CD-R is an optical

read from but disc on which
not written to users can write
• Single-session disc once, but not
erase

A CD-RW is an
erasable
multisession disc
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in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users

can read but not write on or erase

A DVD-R or DVD+R are competing DVD-recordable WORM

formats, on which users can write once but not erase

DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are competing DVD-

rewritable formats that users can write on multiple times

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in whole or in part.
Enterprise Storage

• Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to

manage and store data and information using
devices intended for heavy use, maximum
efficiency, and maximum availability
– RAID duplicates data, instructions, and information to
improve data reliability

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Figure 8-18 website, in whole or in part.
Enterprise Storage

• Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that is

placed on a network with the sole purpose of
providing storage to users, computers, and
devices attached to the network

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Figure 8-19 website, in whole or in part.
Enterprise Storage

• A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed

network with the sole purpose of providing
storage to other attached servers

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Figure 8-20 in whole or in part.
Enterprise Storage

• Tape is a magnetically
coated ribbon of plastic
capable of storing
large amounts of data
and information
• A tape drive reads and
writes data and
information on a
magnetic tape

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Figure 8-21 in whole or in part.
Other Types of Storage

• A magnetic stripe card has a magnetic stripe that

contains information
• A smart card stores data on an integrated circuit
embedded in the card

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Figures 8-22 – 8-23 in whole or in part.
Other Types of Storage

• The RFID tag consists of an antenna and a memory chip

that contains the information to be transmitted via radio
waves
• An RFID reader reads the radio signal and transfers the
information to a computer or computing device

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Figure 8-24 in whole or in part.
Other Types of Storage

• An NFC-enabled device contains an NFC chip

• An NFC tag contains a chip and an antenna that
contains information to be transmitted
• Most NFC tags are self-adhesive

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Figure 8-25 in whole or in part.