Impact of International trade policies of newly

emerged governments to the International

Trade Law in 21st century

T.M.T.A.E. Karunaratne
A/10/LLB/018
Introduction

21st century- 1 January 2001- 31 December 2100

In any country one of the most important thing is IT on economic perspective.
IT means - International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries.

IT related with every thing of the country as well as world

Also there are lots of thongs which affected to it

 Trade policies
 Regimes
 People of the countries
 Social background

International trade policy of a country is also one of very important fact in international trade law.
Link between International Trade and gov-
ernment policies of countries
County policies of every of government related with everything of that country
Without government policies difficulty to maintain any activities of government
When consider International trade government policies are very important
 To decide aims of International trade
 Directions of trade
 To decide officers
 To decide imports and exports
 To decide international investment
 To decide kind of international trade
Without government policies we cannot see effective International Trade.
Also not enough to having government policies for it.
It should creative, successful, to face competition, suitable to the country
Types of governments and poli-
cies
Democracy - rule by the people.
 Direct- Switzerland
 Presidential- USA, FRANCE

 Parliamentary-UK , Germany, Spain, Italy

Republic   A literal democracy is impossible in a political system containing
more than a few people. All "democracies" are really republics. In a republic,
the people elect representatives to make and enforce laws.

Dictatorship A dictatorship consists of rule by one person or a group of

people. Very few dictators admit they are dictators; they almost always claim
to be leaders of democracies. The dictator may be one person, such as Castro
in Cuba or Hitler in Germany, or a group of people, such as the Communist
Party in China.
Democratic Republic  - Usually, a "democratic republic" is not democratic
and is not a republic. A government that officially calls itself a "democratic re-
public" . For example, the official name of North Vietnam was "The Demo-
cratic Republic of Vietnam." China uses a variant, "The People's Republic of
China."

Monarchy A monarchy consists of rule by a king or queen. Sometimes a

king is called an "emperor," especially if there is a large empire, such as China
before 1911. There are no large monarchies today. The United Kingdom,
which has a queen, is really a republic because the queen has virtually no po-
litical power.

Qatar
United Arab Emirates
Brunei
Oman
Government changes in 21st
Century
Government changes in different countries

United Kingdom

Year Head of the Political Party

Government
1997 Tony Blair Labour
2007 Gordon Brown Labour
2010 David Cameron Coalition
2015 David Cameron Conservative
USA

Year Head of the

Government
2000 B Clinton

2008 G.W. Bush

2012- present Obama
India

Year Prime Minister Political Party

1999-2004 Atal Bihari Vajpayee Bharatiya Janata
Party
2004-2014 Manmohan Singh Indian National Con
gress
2014- present Narendra Modi Bharatiya Janata
Party
China

Year Head of the

government
1998-2003 Jiang Zemin
2003-2013 Hu Jintao
2013- present Xi Jinping
Government changes in
Sri Lanka
Year Head of the Political Party
Government and State
1994-2001 Chandrika Kumaratunga Sri Lanka Freedom Party
(People's Alliance)
2001-2003 Chandrika Kumaratunga UNP
and Ranil Wickremasinghe

2003- 2005 Chandrika Kumaratunga Sri Lanka Freedom Party

(People's Alliance)

2005- 2015 Mahinda Rajapaksa Sri Lanka Freedom Party

(
United People's Freedom Alli
ance
)
2015 January Maithripala Sirisena and coloation
Ranil Wikremasinghe
1994-2005

President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga (29 June 1945)

appointed Prime Minister in the People’s Alliance government that was
formed on  August 19th, 1994.
In the Presidential Elections held shortly thereafter in November 1994, she
contested as the People’s Alliance candidate. She was elected President ob-
taining a record 62% of the votes cast.
Close relation wit western countries and India, specially Europe
Lack of it problems
Friendly relation
LTTE affected to the International Trade this time
Vast change happen 2001 with the Prime minister change
 Policies change
 High close relations with western countries.

during 2001-04 import policies became more restrictive, especially tariff pro-
tection of import substitution agricultural sectors
The initial sharp decline in exports and imports during 2001 and 2002 was
associated with the July 2001 Tamil Tiger attack on Colombo airport which de-
terred foreign buyers

India-Sri Lanka FTA 1998

South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA 2004
2005- 2015
President Mahinda Rajapaksha’s SPFA government and this regime began in
2005
President Rajapaksha’s government defeated 30 years war in 2009
His government. policy based on the
The Mahinda Chinthana Policy
Policy of the SLFA and other political authorities (ruling party in present
time)
Ideas of the some scholars in country
IT policies are structured and important to develop
He follows a practical foreign policy with a commitment to the principles of
Non-Alignment, and the maintenance of friendly relations with all countries,
Not many relation with EU and America, UK
Policies encourages investment from all countries and has seen increased
investment both from East and West, with much investment in infrastructure
and development from both India and China, and continued development and
social advancement related activity by countries of the West.

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in 2013 held in sl

a historic opportunity for Sri Lanka to showcase the remarkable progress
achieved by the country, especially in the post-conflict era.
G 15 Its membership comprises 17 developing countries namely Algeria ,
Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Egypt , India , Indonesia , the Islamic Republic of
Iran, Jamaica , Kenya , Malaysia , Mexico , Nigeria , Senegal , Sri Lanka ,
Venezuela and Zimbabwe.
President Rajapaksa had the Chairman of the Group of 15 (G 15) which
will hold its 15th Summit in Sri Lanka in 2012. The Chairmanship is for a two
year term.
president Rajapakshe elected Chairman of the eight-member South Asian
Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) at the 15th SAARC Summit held
in Colombo in August 2008, taking over the Chair of SAARC from India.

having Free Trade agreements with both India and Pakistan.

Tariff Concessions for Sri Lanka under Pakistan – Sri Lanka Free Trade
Agreement2014
Norwegian Generalized System of Preference (GSP) Plus Scheme
2013

Problems
family politics
equality and transparency.
expend more money for the non-important things
2015 January- present
President Maithripala Sirisena from January 9
His party New democratic front
Take 51.28% votes
Prime minister Rail Wikramasinghe from UNP
Not like previous both president and prime minister make policies
After 19th amendment give more power to Prime Minister and parliament
Change IT policy of previous government
Very different from previous regime
Still this in childhood
Start relation with USA, UK, EU and other develop countries than socialist and
middle east countries like Sri Lanka
Lots of people in different political parties engage in with IT policy making
Good and bad Impact of International trade policies
CHANGES of newly emerged governments in Sri Lanka

Good Impacts

Basically different policies develop IT

Ideas of different people comes into force
According to the regime change the directions so expand IT
According to the changing nature of it, the policies also change
Country economy develop
Bad Impacts
Damage to the International trade stability of country
When suddenly policies change emerge problems

Directly influence to the country economy

Individual flavor and interest active than the needs of the country

Emerge inter- country disputes.

Make unsuccessful and unnecessary policies

Change and make policies of previous government because of the conflict

with previous government
Where we are in 21st century

When we see international trade statistics

still Sri Lanka in very low position
When we looks at statistic of Asia Sri
Lanka also in behind
According to the statistics in South Asia
also SL cannot play major role still
Sri Lanka has lots of IT challenges
Recommendations
Policies should be change according to the needs of the country
Good policies of previous regime Should not change with emerge of new
governments
Scholars or specialist of the economy, trade and International law should
make International trade policies of country with politicians
Whole political party must be contribute to the make policies

Peoples idea also must consider

Policy should make according to the current needs of the International trade

Policies should be attractive, clear and transparence

conclusion
Though there are different régimes in Sri Lanka and change International
trade policies time to time according to regime still Sri Lanka in very low posi-
tion of International trade.
Sri Lankan contribution to the it also very law

Though we have opportunities to develop those problems till Sri Lankan it

policies could not address trade policies
The main thin which Sri Lanka need now not changing policies with the
emerge new regime, and first must understand where we are
Then should understand new trends and issues of IT

Now should recognize LT problems and why this happen

 After understanding those things then should start to policy make.
Here entire policy scheme need not to change.

If government follow this Sri Lanka also can become IT hub like they imag-
References
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Ravenhill, J. Global political economy. London: Oxford university Press

Warnapala, W.W.A. (2006). Sri Lanka soviet relations. Colombo: Godage Inter-
national publishers.