Evolution of Management

Unit II
Management Thoughts
• Roman Catholic Church
with its hierarchy of
Management has greatly
contributed to the
management thoughts.
Management Thoughts
• The Development of
Management Thought is
evolutionary in nature.
Management Thoughts

Evolution of
Management

Classical Neo-Classical Modern

Theory Theoroy Theory
Evolution-Classical Theory

The classical theory of

management is a set of
theories that emerged in the The classical
late 19th and early 20th
centuries

Scientific Administrative Bureaucracy

Evolution-Classical -Scientific
Management Thoughts

Evolution of
Management

Classical Neo-Classical Modern

Theory Theoroy Theory
Neo-Classical
The neoclassical theory of management is an extension of the classical
theory that incorporates behavioral science into management thought.
It emerged in the early 20th century, in response to the limitations of
the classical theory
The importance of social
factors in the workplace

The importance of employee

participation

The importance of a
supportive work
environment: 
The Modern Theory of Management
• Systems thinking: 
• Contingency theory: 
• Empowerment: 
• Total quality management (TQM): 
• Learning organization: 
Contribution of F. Taylor

• “Scientific management is the art of knowing exactly what you want

to your men to do and then seeing that they do it in the best and
cheapest way”- F.W. Taylor
Evolution-Classical -Scientific
Structure of Taylor’s Scientific
Management
Work Assignment

Task Analysis: Break down each job or task into its individual
components or motions.

Time and Motion Studies: Use time and motion studies to observe
and measure the time it takes to perform each component of a task.

Identify the Best Method: Analyze the collected data to determine

the most efficient way to perform each component of the task.
Work Assignment

Standardization: Establish a standard method for performing each task

component to eliminate unnecessary movements and actions.

Eliminate Waste: Identify and eliminate any unnecessary or inefficient steps in

the work process.

Increase Efficiency: Implement the standardized methods to increase efficiency

and productivity.

Quantitative Approach: Emphasize the use of data and quantitative analysis to

improve work processes.
Scientific Selection of Personnel

Job Matching: Match workers to tasks based on

their skills, abilities, and aptitude.

Specialization: Assign tasks to workers based on

their specialized skills to maximize productivity.
Scientific Selection of Personnel

Recruitment Process: Use Efficient Utilization: Ensure

Training Needs: Identify the
scientific methods to recruit that each worker is
training needs of workers
and select individuals who performing tasks that align
based on their assigned
are well-suited for specific with their strengths to
tasks.
tasks. maximize efficiency.
Training and Development of Workers
Training Programs: Develop structured
training programs to teach workers the
prescribed methods for performing
tasks.

Skills Improvement: Enhance workers'

skills and abilities through training and
practice.

Consistency: Ensure that all workers are

trained to follow the same standardized
methods.
Training and Development of Workers
Ongoing Learning: Provide
continuous training and
development opportunities to
keep workers updated with
new methods and
technologies.

Reduced Dependency: Make

workers less dependent on
personal experience or trial-
and-error methods by
providing them with scientific
training.
Intimate Cooperation Between
Management and Workers
• Open Communication: Foster open and clear communication
between management and workers.
• Problem Solving: Collaborate to solve issues and challenges that arise
in the work process.
• Mutual Understanding: Develop a shared understanding of goals,
methods, and expectations.
Intimate Cooperation Between
Management and Workers
• Incentives: Provide incentives and rewards for both workers and
management to encourage cooperation.
• Feedback Loop: Establish a feedback loop where suggestions and
feedback from workers are taken into consideration for process
improvement.
• Harmonious Environment: Create a harmonious work environment
where both parties work together for the organization's success.
Contribution of Henry Fayol
• Classification of Industrial Activities
• Classification of Managerial Function
• Significance of Management function
• Managerial Qualities and training
• Educational Qualities
• Macro approach to the Management
• Human Aspect of Management
Henry Fayol- 14 Principles
• Division of work: The work should be divided into specialized tasks.

• Authority and responsibility: Authority should be equal to responsibility.

• Discipline : following of certain rule.

• Unity of command: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.

• Unity of direction: There should be one plan for a group of activities with a single
head.
• Subordination of individual interests to the general interest: The
interests of the organization should come before the interests of any
individual.

• Remuneration of personnel: Employees should be paid a fair wage for

their work.

• Centralization: The degree of centralization should be in proportion to

the size and complexity of the organization.
• Scalar chain: There should be a clear chain of command from top to bottom.

• Order: Everything should have a place and everyone should know their
place.

• Equity: Managers should be fair and impartial in their dealings with

employees.

• Stability of tenure of personnel: Employees should have a reasonable degree

of job security.
• Initiative: Employees should be encouraged to take the initiative.

• Esprit de corps: There should be a spirit of cooperation and teamwork

in the organization.