Namin

Organic
g
Compound
Chapter 2
 Base
Name
(Prefixes)
Number of Carbons Name
1 methane
2 ethane
3 propane
4 butane
5 pentane
6 hexane
7 heptane
8 octane
9 nonane
10 decane
 Naming Organic Compound
●
Organic compounds are named according to the IUPAC
inof pure&appliedchemistry)system of
(internationaluno
nomenclature.

Alkane – end in ANE

Alkene – end in ENE
Alkyne – end in
YNE
 General
Formula

Alkyne Benz
Alkane s ene
C6 H
s
CnH2n-2 Alk
6
CnH2n+2
Alkene yl
Grou
s ps
CnH2 CnH2n+
n 1
 IUPAC
Rules
for Naming Organic Compound

01 02
03
Identify longest Numbering the Position the
continous chain parent chain branched group
• Find and name the Number the carbons in the The position and the name
continuous carbon
longest main sequence starting of the branched must be
• chain. and name groups all
Identify the end that will give
with in front of the parent
written
substituents attached to
the theattached groups chain.
the parent’s chain name the smallest
groups. number.
 IUPAC
Rules
for Naming Organic Compound

04 05
06
Use prefixes List alphabatical order Use Panctuation
If two or more identical The substituent should Use commas (,)
branched group are present, belisted separate
to
use prefixes di-(2 identical alphabetically.
In alphabetizing, the prefixes numbers
Hyphens (-)to
tri-(3 identical
substituents) di, tri, tetra, sec-, tert- are separate numbers
substituents)
tetra-(4 identical ignoredexcept iso and with words.
substituents). neo.
 Let’s try
this !
Sometimes the hydrocarbon chains are not straight and sometimes
they have other elements attached to them. Here is how they are
named
Identify longest continuous chain of carbon atoms

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

All bonds in the chain of carbons are

single bonds, therefore the ending is
–ANE
There are 7 continuous carbons, so
Numbering the carbon in parent
chain
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Number the carbons in the main sequence

starting with the end that will give the attached

groupsthe smallest number.

This chain is numbered from right to left because

 Position the branched
group
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Add numbers to the names of the groups to

identify their positions on the chain
These numbers become prefixes to the parent
chain.

4 - methyl, 3 - methyl, 2
 Use prefixes for branched more than
one
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Use prefixesto indicate the appearanceof agroupmorethanonce

in the structure.
This chain has 2 methyl groups so prefix di- is
used.
 List branched group alphabatical
order
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

List the alkyl groups in alphabetical order.

If there are two or more different substituents, they are listed in
alphabetical order using the base name (ignore the prefixes)
except iso and neo. In this ex. ethyl is listed before the
dimethyl.

Example : 4 – ethyl – 2,3 – dimethyl

 Use
Panctuation
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Use commasto separate numbers

Use hyphensto separate numbers with words.

4 – ethyl – 2,3 – dimethyl heptane

 Let’s try this
example !

CH3 CH3
CH3 - CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH - CH3
2,4 – dimethyl hexane
 Let’s try this
example !
Name and draw the
structure:
• 3-ethylhexane
• 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Homework
s Tutorials – ES04 Worksheet 1
ES04 Worksheet 2
 Naming Alkanes for Closed Chain
Cycloalkanes
● General formula for a cycloalkane composed of n carbons is
CnH2n.
● Cycloalkane are still considered to be saturated with hydrogen.
● Add cyclo- as prefix followed by the name of alkane compound
Table 1
 IUPAC Rules for Naming Cycloalkane

01 For a monosubstituted cycloalkane the ring supplies the root

(Table 1) and the substituent group is named as usual. A
name
●
number is
location
unnecessary.

Example:

Propylcyclohexane
 IUPAC Rules for Naming Cycloalkane

If the alkyl substituent is large and/or complex, the ring

02 ●
may beas a substituent group on an
named
alkane.
 IUPAC Rules for Naming Cycloalkane

● If two different substituents are present on the ring, they are

03 alphabetical
listed in order, and the first cited substituent is assigned to carbon
● #1.
The numbering of ring carbons then continues in a direction
counter-clockwise)
(clockwise or that affords the second substituent the lower
possible location number.

1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane
 IUPAC Rules for Naming Cycloalkane

● If several substituents are present on the ring, they are

04 alphabetical
listed in
● order.
Location numbers are assigned to the substituents so that one of
at
themcarbon
is #1 and the other locations have the lowest possible
numbers, counting in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise
direction.

Why this compound name is not

1-ethyl -3,3- dimethylcyclohexane ?
When naming with a
double/triple bond,
start numbering
carbons closest to
the bonds.
 IUPAC
Rules
for Naming Alkene/Alkyne

01 02 03
Longest chain Number of carbons Ending –ene/yne
Must contain the Number of carbons so Change the
multiple that the double/triple –ene
endingif double
(doublbond
e bond/triple bondthe lowest
has –yne if triple
bond
bond) numbethe
Indicate r position the same
bond rules for the
of the double sidechains and
bond. halides.
Let’s try
this !
 Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
The ending of the alkenes with more than one double/triple bond

should be change from –ene/yne to:

de ine–if there are twodouble/triplebondsTre

ine/dy ine– if
ine/try

there are threedouble/triple bonds

Example
:
Example
:
Naming Alkenes for Closed Chain

1)Replace the -aneending of the cycloalkanehaving the same

number of carbons by -ene.
2)Number through the double bond in the direction that gives
the lower number to thefirst-appearing substituent.
Naming Alkenes for Closed Chain
• Nu m b e r su b st i t u t e d cy cloalkenes in
th e wa y th a t giv es th e car bon at
om s of th e double bond th e 1 and 2 pos it ions .

• Th a t als o giv es th e su b st i t u e n t gr oups th e

low er num ber s at th e fi rst point of dif f er ence .
ISOMERi
SMInHydrocarbon
Homework
s Tutorials – ES05 – Ak
lenes
ES06 – Alkenes
ES07 –
Isomerism ES09
– Alkenes ES10
– Isomerism
ES11 – Alkynes
ES12 – Alkynes
ES13 – Cyclic
Functional Groups – Akyl Group
Alkyl group is a group which is derived from unbranched-chain alkanes
by removing 1 H atom from the end C atom
General formula : CnH2n + 1
Replace the final alkane “e” with “-yl”
Functional Groups - Halide
They are named by citing the location of
the halogen attached to the chain.

2-
fluoropropane
Functional Groups - Halide
Drop the “ine” and add
“o”

F Cl Br I

Fluoro- Chloro- Bromo- Iodo-

Functional Groups - Alcohol
Are organic compounds in which one or more of the
hydrogens is replaced with an – OH group

OH group is called the hydroxyl group

Functional Groups - Alcohol
Replace the alkane final “e” with “-
ol” Example : Methane – Methanol
Functional Groups - Alcohol
Name this
compound.
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES19 (Alcohol &
Phenol)
Functional Groups – Organic Acid
RC0OH group is called the carboxyl group
.
Functional Groups – Organic Acid

Replace the final alkane “e” with “-oic

”acid Example : Methane – Methanoic
Acid
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES22 ( Carboxylic
Acid)
Functional Groups –
Aldehyde
RCHO group is called the carbonyl group
.
Functional Groups –
Aldehyde
Replace the final alkane “e” with “al”
Example : Methane – Methanal
(Formaldehyde)
Functional Groups - Aldehyde
Draw
Ethanal
Functional Groups –
Ketone
Has R –CO– R
group
Functional Groups –
Ketone
Replace the final alkane “e” with “-one”.
The simplest member of the ketone family is
propanone.
Functional Groups –
Ether Has R –O– R
group
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES21 (Aldehyde &
Ketone)
 Functional Groups –
Ether
When two primary alcohols are treated with a dehydrating agent,
water is removed and the 2 alcohols are jon
iedtogetherby an oxygen “bridge”.

Form R –O– R group

R-OH + R-OH R-O-R + H20
Primary Primary Eth Wate
alcohol alcohol er r

H2O
Functional Groups –
Ether
Diethyl
Ether
Functional Groups –
Ether
Dimethyl
Ether
Functional Groups –
Ether
Name these condensed formula
ether
CH3-O- CH2 CH3
Methyl ethyl ether

CH3CH2-O-
CH2CH2
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES20
(Ether)
Functional Groups –
Ester
They are formed in a reaction between an organic acid andan
alcohol.

Has R –COO– R group

Functional Groups –
Ester
IUPAC Naming of
Ester

Look this circle chain,

write its prefix Ex.
(meth,eth, etc.) and add
–yl to the end of prefix
In this example
Eth + yl = Ethyl
Functional Groups –
Ester
IUPAC Naming of
Ester

Give this circle

chain, write its
prefix and
add –oate to the
end of prefix
In this example
Functional Groups –
Ester
IUPAC Naming of
Ester

Ethyl
Propanoate
Functional Groups –
Ester
Draw Ethyl
Pentanoate
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES23
(Ester)
Functional Groups –
Amine
It is a derivate of ammonia – NH3
IUPAC naming of amines is simply replacing the final alkane “e” with “yl
amine” Example : Methane – Methyl Amine

Methyl
Amine
Functional Groups –
Amide
Has a R –C–NH– gro
R up
Functional Groups –
Amide
Found at the end of carbon chain
IUPAC naming of amines is simply replacing the final alkane “e” with
“amide” Example : Methane – Methanamide (Formamide)

Methanamid
e
Functional Groups –
Amide
Draw structural formula for Butanamide &
Propanamide

Butanamid Propana
e mide
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES24 (Amine &
Amide) ES25 (Others
OC)
Functional Groups –
Aromatic
Hydr ocar bo
nenzene is a cyclic hydrocarbon
B
containing six carbon atoms and six H H
hydrogen atoms.
Containing alternate single and
bonds
double C
. H C C H
This molecule has the IUPAC C
cyclohexa-1,3,5-
name C C
Molecular formula:
triene.
H H
C6H6
Benzene, C6H6
Functional Groups –
Aromatic
Hydrocarbon
A benzene ring can be represented in several
ways:

Kekule
structure

Remember it is a hexagon (six carbon ring)

with three double bonds and three single
 Aromatic vs. Non-aromatic
Do not get confused with
cycloalkane

Cyclohexane is not an aromatic

compounds
AROMATIC vs NON-AROMATIC
Which compounds are
aromatic?
Naming Aromatic Compound
Try to name these… (these are derivatives of
benzene)
 Naming Aromatic Compound
Although some compounds are referred to exclusively by IUPAC
names, some are more frequently denoted by common names:
Naming Aromatic Compound
ortho (o-) for 1,2-disubstitution
meta (m-) for 1,3-disubstitution
para(p-)for 1,4-disubstitution
 Naming Aromatic Compound
• When there is more than one substituent, the corners of the
hexagon are no longer equivalent, so we must designate the
relative positions.
• Start numbering at the carbon atom to which one of the
groups is attached and count toward the carbon atom that
bears the other substituent group by the shortest
path.
Naming Aromatic Compound
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES14 (Aromatic
Hydrocarbon)
Thank you !
Any
Question ?