MICROBIAL

DEGRADATION OF OIL
SPILL
Name : Snehasis biswal
Reg. No :220705180002
School :School of Applied Sciences
Department: M.Sc. (Zoology)
 INDEX
• Oil spill
• Different methods of cleaning oil spill
• Biological method: using microbes
• Advantages of using microbes
• References
 Oil spill
• An accidental release of oil into a body of water, as from a tanker, offshore drilling rig,
or underwater pipeline

• Presents a hazard to marine life and the environment

• An oil spill on the land may penetrate underground and move downward reaching
eventually the groundwater

• An oil spill in the underground will likely affect the groundwater since the vertical
traveling distance is reduced

• A marine oil spill is usually degraded fast since water is an excellent medium for
dispersion, emulsifying and microbial degradation processes
 Biological method: using microbes
• Bioaugmentation: Oil-degrading bacteria are added as a supplement to help
the already existing microbial population to degrade the hydrocarbon.

• Biostimulation: Addition of nutrients and growth limiting cosubstrates to

support the growth of indigenous oil degraders.

• Bioventing: Bioventing uses microbes to degrade those organic constituents

that are present on soil or either adsorbed on the soil.

• Biosparging: is similar to the bioventing concept. It involves the supply of

air under pressure in a zone that will be saturated so as to vaporize the
volatile contaminants.
 Advantages of using microbes
• These methods are not only cost-effective and eco-friendly compared to physical and
chemical methods.

• Microbes mainly only need optimum conditions like temperature and pH

• It requires less active human intervention

 References

• Hodson, P. V., Adams, J., & Brown, R. S. (2019). Oil toxicity test methods must be improved.  Environmental toxicology and
chemistry, 38(2), 302-311.
• Gelpí, E., de la Paz, M. P., Terracini, B., Abaitua, I., de la Cámara, A. G., Kilbourne, E. M., ... & WHO/CISAT Scientific
Committee for the Toxic Oil Syndrome. Centro de Investigación para el Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico. (2002). The Spanish
toxic oil syndrome 20 years after its onset: a multidisciplinary review of scientific knowledge.  Environmental health
perspectives, 110(5), 457-464.
• Bejarano, A. C., Clark, J. R., & Coelho, G. M. (2014). Issues and challenges with oil toxicity data and implications for their
use in decision making: A quantitative review. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 33(4), 732-742.
• French ‐McCay, D. P. (2002). Development and application of an oil toxicity and exposure model, OilToxEx.   Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, 21(10), 2080-2094.
• KILBOURNE, E. M., BERNERT JR, J. T., de la PAZ, M. P., HILL JR, R. H., BORDA, I. A., KILBOURNE, B. W., ... & TOXICO-
EPIDEMJOLOGIC STUDY GROUP. (1988). Chemical correlates of pathogenicity of oils related to the toxic oil syndrome
epidemic in Spain. American journal of epidemiology, 127(6), 1210-1227.
• Bhattacharyya, S., Klerks, P. L., & Nyman, J. A. (2003). Toxicity to freshwater organisms from oils and oil spill chemical
treatments in laboratory microcosms. Environmental Pollution, 122(2), 205-215.
• Alonso-Ruiz, A., Calabozo, M., Perez-Ruiz, F., & Mancebo, L. (1993). Toxic Oil Syndrome A Long-term Follow-up of a Cohort
of 332 Patients. Medicine, 72(5), 285-295.
• Adams, J., Bornstein, J. M., Munno, K., Hollebone, B., King, T., Brown, R. S., & Hodson, P. V. (2014). Identification of
compounds in heavy fuel oil that are chronically toxic to rainbow trout embryos by effects ‐driven chemical
fractionation. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 33(4), 825-835.
Thank You