21st Century Literature

from the Philippines and

the World
 Objectives:
1. Define what literature is
2. Identify the different literary devices and
approaches

2
What is the first thing that
would come up in your mind
when you hear the word
“literature”?

3
What is the meaning
of literature for you?

4
What is
Literature?

5
 Literature comes
from the Latin word
“LITERA” which
literally means an
acquaintance with
letters.

6
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

7
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

PLOT

8
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

PLOT
It is the logical sequence of events
that develops a story.
9
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

PROTAGONIST

10
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

PROTAGONIST
the main character of story

11
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

ANTAGONIST

12
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

ANTAGONIST
the villain

13
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

SETTING

14
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

SETTING
the time and place in which a story
takes place
15
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

CONFLICT

16
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

CONFLICT
The issue/problem in a narrative

17
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

THEME

18
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

THEME
central idea or concept of a story

19
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

NARRATOR

20
 QUICK REVIEW
Try to recall the definitions of the
following terms:

NARRATOR
person who tells the story

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What is the
significance of
studying literature?

22
 “
Studying literature is
like looking at the
mirror of life where
man’s experiences, his
innermost feelings and
thoughts are reflected.
23
 “
Studying literature is
like looking at the
mirror of life where
man’s experiences, his
innermost feelings and
thoughts are reflected.
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Through literature, we learn the culture of
people across time and space.

Korean Royal Court

Family Food Festival

25
 “
WHO CAN TELL ME THE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
 LITERARY
ELEMENTS
 LITERARY DEVICES

 LITERARY TECHNIQUES

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1
Literary Devices
Literary
have two aspects
Devices

28
 Literary
have two aspects
Devices

Literary Literary
Elements Techniques

29
Literary Devices
Literary
Devices

Literary Literary
an inherent existence in
Elements Techniques
literary piece and are
extensively employed by
- Plot
- Protagonist writers to develop a literary
-
-
Antagonist
Setting
piece
- Conflict
- Etc. 30
Literary Devices
Literary
Devices

words or phrases that

Literary
writers employ to Literary
Elements
achieve not merely Techniques
artistic ends but also
- readers a greater
Plot Figurative Languages
- understanding and
Protagonist
- Simile
- Antagonist
-
appreciation
Setting
of their - Metaphor
- literary works
Conflict - Allusion
- Etc. - Personification 31
Literary Devices
Literary
Devices

Literary Literary
Elements Techniques

- Plot Figurative Languages

- Protagonist
- Simile
- Antagonist
- Setting - Metaphor
- Conflict - Allusion
- Etc. - Personification 32
 LET’S TRY!
Identify where the given belongs

A. LITERARY ELEMENTS
B. LITERARY TECHNIQUES

PLOT

33
 LET’S TRY!
Identify where the given belongs

A. LITERARY ELEMENTS
B. LITERARY TECHNIQUES

HYPERBOL
E
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 LET’S TRY!
Identify where the given belongs

A. LITERARY ELEMENTS
B. LITERARY TECHNIQUES

POINT OF VIEW

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 LET’S TRY!
Identify where the given belongs

A. LITERARY ELEMENTS
B. LITERARY TECHNIQUES

SYMBOL

36
 REMEMBER!
Literary
Devices

Literary Literary
Elements Techniques

For the For artistic

development ends
37
2
Literary
Approaches
1. Formalistic or
Literary Approach

✓This approach studies the selection

based on its literary elements.

39
2. Moral or
Humanistic Approach
✓This approach focuses on the
“morality” of literature, it
questions ethical goodness or
badness.

40
3. Historical Approach

✓This approach sees literature as

reflection and product of the times
and circumstances in which it was
written.

41
4. Sociological Approach

✓ This approach views the expression of

man within a given social situation
which is reduced to discussions on
economy, the conflict between the two
classes- the rich and the poor.

42
5. Cultural Approach

✓This approach sees literature as

one of the manifestations and
vehicles of a nation’s or race’s
culture and tradition.

43
6. Psychological Approach

✓ This approach views literature as the

expression of “personality,” of “inner
drives” or “neurosis”. It includes the
psychology of the author, of the
characters, and even the psychology of
creation
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7. Impressionistic Approach

✓This approach views literature to

clarify “reacting response” which
is considered as something very
personal, relative and fruitful.

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“ ✓ What is your favorite
literary piece?
✓ What notable literary
technique was used?
✓ What literary approach
should be used to study
the piece?
46
QUESTIONS?
CLARIFICATIONS?

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📌 ASSIGNMENT
👉 Answer PRE-READING ACTIVITY – PAGE 3.

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Thank you and God
❤bless!
😉

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SOURCES:
Andres, S. (2012). What is Literature? Introduction to
Literature [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare.
https://www.slideshare.net/rick143/what-is-literature-1547584
0

Estroga, I. J. (2013). Introduction to Philippine Literature

[PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare.
https://www.slideshare.net/josephestroga/intro-to-philippine-lit
erature?qid=3803b476-20d9-4963-b8a1-ab7191b10d4a&v=&b
=&from_search=2

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Sources:

Agustin, et al. (2016). 12st-Century Literature from the

Philippines and the World. Vibal Group, Inc.

LiteraryDevices Editors. (2013). Metaphor. Retrieved

June 10, 2020, from http://literarydevices.net/metaphor/

https://literarydevices.net/allegory/

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