UNIVERSITY CHEIKH ANTA DIOP DE DAKAR

Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SAFETY IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING

PROFESSOR : Amadou Galo Fall

Academic year : 2022-2023

Group members
 Mama Sadio CISSE
 Fama Ndiaye
 El Hadji Touba DEME
 Souleymane SISSOKHO
 Ibrahima Gueye

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Table of contents
Introduction
I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
II. Actors in the maintenance of safety in civil engineering
III. Some signals that refer to safety
Conclusion

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Introduction

Civil engineering represents the whole of the techniques concerning civil constructions. Civil engineers are
responsible for the design of reinforced concrete plans, the construction, operation and rehabilitation of
construction works and urban infrastructures, which they manage in order to meet the needs of society, while
ensuring public safety and environmental protection.
When we talk about safety, we are referring to the absence of risk. However, it is difficult, if not impossible,
to guarantee total safety on a construction site. The idea is therefore to make sure that we tend towards this
result. This is how the principles of prevention arise in order to avoid certain risks on the construction sites.

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I. Some general principles
of prevention in civil
engineering
I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
1) Avoiding risks

Directly remove the danger or

remove exposure to the
danger. Construction workers
are often required to carry
heavy loads, perform repetitive
motions, or use tools such as
jackhammers, the vibrations of
which are harmful to health.
Therefore, risk management in
construction is particularly
important.

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
2) Rate the risks that cannot be avoided

Prioritize risks in for prevention

actions, assess both the frequency and
the seriousness of each risk. This
amounts to drawing up a single risk
assessment document. The Single
Occupational Risk Assessment
Document is a mandatory document
for a company with at least one
employee. It is a tool for prevention,
improvement, productivity, and well-
being at work, drawn up entirely by
the employer.

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
2) Rate the risks that cannot be avoided
Types of risks in the civil engineering

 Falls from height

 Handling, use of construction
and lifting equipment
 Noise and vibration
 Asbestos and wood dust
 Chemical products
 Biological risks
 Work situations

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
3) Fight risks at the source

Integrate prevention as far upstream as

possible, whether in the design of
workplaces, operating procedures or
equipment. Safety must dictate the
design of machines or operating
procedures and not the other way
round.

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
4) Adapt the work to the person

Adopting the work to the person ,espacially as regard the design of work place;the
choice of work equipemment and the choice of workingand production methods,
with a view in particular,to alleviating monotonous work and work at a
predetermined work rate and to reducing their effect on health

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
5) Take into account the evolution of the technique

The perceptionof having a safe,or unsafe,place to work matters to the

public,potential costermersas well as current an potential employens and modes for
accident reduction by using a risk management process to identify and design out
hazard.It is important to take account the evolution of technology for safety in the
best possible way

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
6) Replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or the
less dangerous

Replacing what is dangerous with what is less dangerous means avoiding the use of
dangerous processes or products when the same result can be obtained with a
method presenting lesser dangers. It’s the substitution principle and it’s about
prioritizing the elimination of the danger compared to its reduction.

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
7) Developing a coherent overall prevention policy

This prevention policy covers technology, organization of work, working

conditions, social relationships and the influence of factors related to the working
environment;

The Special Safety and Health Protection Plan is a document that is not mandatory
in Senegalese regulations, however, its establishment can allow a better
management of the security in a building site. It contains:

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 Content of a Special Safety and Health Protection Plan

 The name and address of the company, duration and foreseeable number of employees of the site
and working hours;
 The names and contact details of the persons in charge of managing the site (works manager, works
supervisor, project manager, …);
 The description of the work;
 The organization of first aid and medical surveillance;
 The organization of the reception and the training of the site personnel;
 The risks analysis and prevention measures.

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
7) Developing a coherent overall prevention policy

After the Special Safety and Health Plan, the General Health and Safety
Coordination Plan is a written document that defines all the measures to prevent
risks arising from the interference of the activities of the various participants on the
site, or from the succession of their activities when an intervention leaves risks for
the other companies after its completion.

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
8) Priority of collective protective measures
over individual protective measures

Collective protection equipment allows the protection of all the people on the site
and those outside and must be favored. We distinguish :

 Protection by beaconing, by deviation: which allows citizens to be at an

adequate safety distance ;

 The use of guardrails to avoid the risk of falls ;

 Protection against noise and air pollution (soundproofing of the site, dust
extraction, ventilation, etc.) ;

 Protection by consignment of a dangerous function during interventions.

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I. Some general principles of prevention in civil engineering
9) Transmission of instructions to workers

Inform on prevention measures. Employees must also receive safety training and
the company must ensure that they are regularly informed and that training is
renewed.
Examples:

 Fighting risks at the source ;

 Adapting work to people ;

 Replace what is dangerous by what is not dangerous or by what is less

dangerous ;

 Respect the collective and individual protection measures.

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II. Actors in the maintenance of
safety in civil engineering
II. Actors in the maintenance of safety in civil engineering

Among the various participants who ensure safety in civil engineering we have the
QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety and Environment) manager. He plays a very
decisive role in the construction site which is to prevent risks.

The QHSE Master is involved in the maintenance of facilities and equipment. The
purpose of maintenance of installations and equipment is to prevent problems,
correct defects and guarantee their proper functioning. Maintenance can be part of a
planned program or be carried out immediately after a breakdown. It always
consists of one-time activities that may expose the workers involved (or others) to
various risks.

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II. Actors in the maintenance of safety in civil engineering

An effective maintenance program will increase

equipment reliability. Fewer breakdowns mean
fewer obligations to expose yourself to
Why is dangerous machine contact.
maintenance of
facilities and
equipment
important ?
Additional hazards can arise when machines
become less reliable and develop defects.
Maintenance helps to diagnose these defects at
an early stage, and thus to manage the risks.

However, maintenance should be properly scheduled and carried out. Unsafe maintenance can
lead to death or serious injury to those performing the maintenance or to those who subsequently
! use improperly maintained or repaired equipment.

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II. Actors in the maintenance of safety in civil engineering

On the other hand, the employer plays a role in the safety of the work site.

Legally, the employer is responsible for the safety of his workers on the
construction site. In the event of an accident in the workplace, it is the employer's
responsibility that is at stake in the first place. The employer who provides the
equipment must ensure that the machines for which it is responsible are safe and do
not present a health hazard.
One way to do this is to put methodologies in place to ensure that machines and
equipment are maintained in good condition so that they can be used safely.

Failure to properly plan and communicate clear instructions and information before undertaking
maintenance can lead to confusion and accidents.

!
This can be a particular problem if maintenance is carried out during normal production work or
where subcontractors with little knowledge of the site are operating.

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III. Some signals that refer to
safety
MEN AT WORK

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  
MEN AT WORK DRIVE CAREFULLY VEHICLES MUST
TURN RIGHT AHEAD

 
MEN AT WORK DRIVE CAREFULLY VEHICLES MUST
TURN LEFT AHEAD

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 These mandatory signs can also be used to indicate an obstacle
on the roadway. Whether it is a roadway improvement or a
natural obstacle, these signs are placed in such a way as to
force drivers to bypass the obstacle.
The purpose of right and left turn signs is to impose a lane of
To the To the
traffic on users. Therefore, whether it is an intersection or an
left side right side
obstacle, these signs must be visible day and night to ensure the
safety of drivers on the roadway.

I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
NO ENTRY / DO I DANGER ! I BE VIGILANT !
NOT ENTER I MACHINE I ENTRANCE AND
TRAFFIC EXIT OF
MACHINES 25
 I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
DANGER OPEN I ATTENTION I CAUTION
HOLE I RISK OF I FLAMMABL
I FALL I E

I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
RISK OF I STUMBLING I FALLING I NO
ELECTRICAL I HAZARD I MATERIALS I PEDESTRIAN
SHOCK I I I ZONE
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Conclusion

Construction is an inherently risky industry. Every project, no matter how small or large, comes with its
own set of hazards, which can lead to serious and life-threatening injuries. Construction jobs are complex.
Job sites can quickly change, and large trucks, machinery, pieces of equipment, and debris are constantly
being hauled to and from the work area. Because of the many hazards that construction workers encounter,
construction site accidents contribute to a disproportionate amount of workplace fatalities.

That is why we must instill best practices into site workers and employers and ensure that correct
procedures are being followed at all times.

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 THANKS
FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION

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SOURCES
o https://www.pantheoncentredaffaires.com/btp/risques-chantier-construction/
November 2022

o https://www.groupe-sma.fr/SGM/jcms/jizhrect_24136/fr/securite-sur-les-cha
ntiers-les-mesures-de-protection-au-quotidien
November 2022

o https://www.eclcivils.co.uk/what-are-the-safety-challenges-in-civil-engineeri
ng/
November 2022

o https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-administration-inspection/resources-
library/publications/guide-for-labour-inspectors/machinery-plant-equipment/l
ang--fr/index.htm
, November 2022

o Mr DIALLO Mamadou, Environmental management in building sites,

Quality, Hygiene and Security, November 2022, Ecole Supérieure
Polytechnique, Dakar

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