Concepts, principles, and theories in Nursing

informatics
Dacles, Mary Angel D.
Achacoso, Ravil Ann
Dacal, Diana
Borja, Gian Carlo
Dilao, Yasmien
Pacujan, Rizalyn
Egoy, Christian Dave
Añes, Anna Rose
Cafe, Felipe Jr.
Morallos, Joeylyn

(GROUP-1)
WHAT IS NURSING
INFORMATICS?
Nurisng informatics or NI is a brach of health
informatics. This branch combines nursing infomation
with technology to manage health related information
and improve healthcare services. Nursing informatics
plays a crucial role in decreasing medical mistakes and
healthcare cost.
HISTORY
The French describe
healthcare Hospitals began
The computer was informatics as developing
introduced into "INFORMATIQUE Computer-based
healthcare MEDDICAL " information systems

1950s 1960s 1970s

 The field of nursing
informatics exploded
Large integrated
healthcare delivery Development of wireless
and become visible in
system evolved point -of-care system woth
the healthcare system
focus source solution

1980s 1990s POST-2000s

 THEORIES
Sociotechnical Theory

– sociotechnical has at its core the idea that the design and performance of any organizational system
can only be understood and improved if both ‘social’ and ‘technical’ aspects are brought together and
treated as interdependent parts of a complex system.

Change Theory

– computerization of information is a new experience that create a change that affect workers, this
change may be unplanned represented by Rogers Change Theory of diffusion and innovation address
how change occur in society and individuals.

– and may be planned represented by Lewin’s Change Theory who talks about stages in moving
General System Theory

– described that any change in one part of the system will be reflected in other parts of the
system. Computer is a living example of the system any change in one area will affect other
sections.

CHAOS THEORY

– chaos theory, like general systems theory addresses. an entire structure without reducing it
to the elements parts, this make useful with complex systems such as information systems.
Chaos theory is nonlinear, it allows us to seeing things reframed as a whole can stimulate
new thinking and new approaches (Vincenzi, 1997). Chaos theory is the basis of an
unknown vanables or unpredictable events that pose problematic situations, in essence, a
plan of action needs to warrant immediate removal of negative variable.
General System Theory

– described that any change in one part of the system will be reflected in other parts of the
system. Computer is a living example of the system any change in one area will affect other
sections.

CHAOS THEORY

– chaos theory, like general systems theory addresses. an entire structure without reducing it
to the elements parts, this make useful with complex systems such as information systems.
Chaos theory is nonlinear, it allows us to seeing things reframed as a whole can stimulate
new thinking and new approaches (Vincenzi, 1997). Chaos theory is the basis of an
unknown vanables or unpredictable events that pose problematic situations, in essence, a
plan of action needs to warrant immediate removal of negative variable.
COGNITIVE SCIENCE THEORY

–It is the study of the mind and intelligence (Thagard, 2010) and how this information
can be applied. It is interdisciplinary, includes philosophy, psychology, artificial
intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics and anthropology and is a part of social
informatics. It focus on how the brain perceives and interprets a screen (Turley, 1996).
Additionally, cognitive science addresses the amount of information that an individual
can absorb and use constructively.

USABILITY THEORY

– It uses information from both cognitive science and sociotechnical theories.it

involves the ease f use, users' satisfaction that they have achieved their goals, and the
aesthetics of the technology.
The Five Goals of Usability

1. It is easy for users to accomplish basic tasks the first time they use the product.

2. Once learned, the design permits users to quickly and easily perform the needed tasks.

3. It is not used for a period of time, it is easy to reestablish one's proficiency in using the
product.

4. Users make very few errors, but any that they do make are easily remedied.

5. The design is pleasant to use.

LEARNING THEORIES
MODELS
According to GRAVES AND CORCORAN’S MODEL (1989) that nursing informatics as th
linear progression, from data into information and knowledge. Management processing is
integrated within each elements, depicting nursing informatics as the proper management of
knowledge, from data as it is converted into information and knowledge.

According to SCHIWIRIAN’S MODEL (1986), nursing informatics involves identification

information needs, resolution of the needs, and attainment of nursing goals/objectives. Patric
Schwirian proposed a model intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in nursing
informatics, model/framework that enables identification of significant information needs, th
can foster research (somewhat similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs).
According to TURLEY’S MODEL (1996), nursing informatics is the intersection between the
discipline-specific science (nursing) and the area of informatics. And in this model, there are 3
core components of informatics, namely Cognitive science, Information science, and Computer
science.

In the DATA-INFORMATION-KNOWLEDGE MODEL, NI is a specialty that integrates

nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data,
information, knowledge and wisdom into nursing practice (ANA). Nursing informatics is an
evolving, dynamic process involving the conversion of data into information, and subsequently
knowledge.
BENNER’S LEVEL OF EXPERTISE MODEL said that ževery nurse must be able to continuously exhibit
the capability to acquire skills (in this case, computer literacy skills parallel with nursing knowledge), and
then demonstrate specific skills beginning with the very first student experience. According BERNER, there
are 5 levels of expertise:

žNovice – individuals with no experience of situations and related content in those situations where they are
expected to perform tasks.

Advanced Beginner – marginally demonstrate acceptable performance having built on lessons learned in their
expanding experience base; needs supervision.

Competent – enhanced mastery and the ability to cope with and manage many contingencies.

Proficient – evolution through continuous practice of skills, combined with professional experience and
knowledge; individual who appreciates standards of practice as they apply in nursing informatics.
BENNER’S LEVEL OF EXPERTISE MODEL said that ževery nurse must be able to continuously exhibit
the capability to acquire skills (in this case, computer literacy skills parallel with nursing knowledge), and
then demonstrate specific skills beginning with the very first student experience. According BERNER, there
are 5 levels of expertise:

žNovice – individuals with no experience of situations and related content in those situations where they are
expected to perform tasks.

Advanced Beginner – marginally demonstrate acceptable performance having built on lessons learned in their
expanding experience base; needs supervision.

Competent – enhanced mastery and the ability to cope with and manage many contingencies.

Proficient – evolution through continuous practice of skills, combined with professional experience and
knowledge; individual who appreciates standards of practice as they apply in nursing informatics.
According to PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE ECOSYSTEM, nursing informatics is a huge
network that encompasses all the sectors of the health care delivery system – government
agencies, health care facilities, practitioners, insurance companies, pharmaceutical
companies, academic institutions, and suppliers. And žthe government, different nursing
associations and developmental agencies maintain and balance the network.

INTEL’S SHIFT LEFT MODEL:

Patient care shifts/progresses from a high quality delivery of lift through technology with
increased costs (right side) into quality of life with minimal health costs.
Borja, Gian Carlo T. BSN-3A
OPEN SOURCE AND FREE SOFTWARE

-Open source software is any software satisfying the open software initiative’s
definition (OSI, n.d.). The open source concept is said to promote software
reliability and quality by supporting independent peer review and rapid evolution of
source code as well as making the source code of software freely available. In
addition to providing free access to the programmer’s instructions to the computer
in the programming language in which they were written, many versions of open
source licenses allow anyone to modify and redistribute the software.
 Free Software -is defined by the FSF in terms of four
freedoms for software users: to have the freedom to use,
study, redistribute, and improve the software in any way
they wish. A program is only free software, in terms of
the FSF definition, if users have all of these freedoms.
 Four kinds of freedom for the users of the software:
* The freedom to run the program for any purpos

* The freedom to study on how that program works and adapt it to your needs.

* The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.

* The freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the
public so that the whole community benefits. ing
➢ Open source doesn't just mean access to the sourceThe distribution
terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria :
* Free Redistribution
* Source Code
* Derived Works
* Integrity of The Author's Source Code
* No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
* No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
* Distribution of License
* License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
* License Must Not Restrict Other Software
* License Must Be Technology-Neutral
Data assessment

In practice has tended to focus on completeness and accuracy, and that is the focus of these notes.
Currency, pertinence and clarity deserve more attention than they receive, perhaps, but their
assessment requires very different methods.

Assessment is sometimes thought of as a preliminary to analysis proper. This is a useful distinction in

some circumstances, but in general the assessment of error and the drawing of substantive
conclusions are two sides of the same coin.

Data may be defined as systematic information about the members of some statistical aggregate.
Systematic means that the same information is available for every entity, with exceptions only for
missing values and inapplicable cases (e.g., age at first marriage for a never married woman).
 Direct Assessment
There are two general approaches to the assessment of data, direct and indirect. Direct
assessment consists of evaluating the coverage and content of a data set. Coverage refers to the
faithfulness of the correspondence between the records that constitute the data set and the
statistical aggregate the data set represents. Data sets may omit records for some entities that
should be represented and include records that should not be included. Improper inclusions
occur when a data set includes more than one record for the same entity, includes records for
entities not in the statistical aggregate, or includes fictitious records. Content refers to the
completeness and accuracy of the information contained on the records in the data set.
 Indirect Assessment
Direct assessment of data sets is expensive, both because a second data set is
required for comparison and because matching is often a complex and difficult
process. The results of direct assessment are, moreover, limited by response
correlation bias and by the tendency of data sets collected at the same or nearly
the same time to have similar content error. The indirect approach, by which
data sets are assessed by analyzing the accuracy of statistics derived from
them, is generally far less expensive and will often give results as good as or
better than direct assessment.
PERSONAL, PROFESSIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL
INFOMATICS
 Personal Informatics:
?Personal informatics refers to the use of digital technologies and
tools to collect,track and analyze personal data such as health and
fitness, sleep patterns, nutrition,and daily activities.It involves the
monitoring and self-reflection of ones habits and behaviors to
promote self-awareness and improvement.
 Professional informatics;?
Personal Informatics involves the application of information
and communication technologies in different professional
settings,such ass healthcare, finance on supporting decision -
making process, improving efficiency,and enhancing
communication and collaboration among professions.
 Educational Informatics:
?Educational Informatics referse to the integration of
technology and data analysis techniques in educational
settings to enhance learning outcomes and improve
instructional practices.It involves the use of digital tools and
platforms student performance,and personalize instruction