Training Presentation on GSM technology

By : Puneesh Pabla
November .22 .2010

Company Overview
Bharti Airtel founded by Sunil Bharti Mittal on 7th July 1995 First Indian telecom service provider to achieve this Cisco Gold Certification. Is the world's fifth largest telecom company in world. Serves more than 100 million subscribers. Worldwide presence in 16 countries Airtel in India present in all 23 Circles.

Company Overview ( continued)

Products Offered Wireless Telephone Internet DTH First company to outsource everything except marketing and sales and finance Recently won 3G auctions for 13 circles After 3G auctions ,Bharti bagged 4 circles for BWA auctions.

GSM Technology
GSM today means Global System for Mobile Communications Introduction by the European telephone exchange offices seamless roaming within Europe possible More than 747 million subscribers in more than 400 networks More than 360 billion SMS per month worldwide (more than 10% of the sales of the operators) Uses the frequency ranges of 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz Voice and data connections with up to 9.6 KBit/s (enhancement: 14.4 KBit/s)

Access Method in GSM

ACCESS METHOD The GSM system uses TDMA- Time Division Multiple Access, where each carrier is divided into 8 time slots. The MS send and receives on same time slot. This means 8 simultaneous conversations can take place on the same radio

GSM SUBSCRIBER TELEPHONY SERVICES

Normal Telephony - Two way Voice communication i.e. ability to make and receive calls to fixed and Mobile Subscribers all over the World. Emergency calls - Emergency calls are possible to make from a mobile station even without a valid subscription or SIM card. Within GSM the emergency No is 112. FAX - In GSM we can support fax service. a special FAX converter is used. This enables a GSM connected fax to communicate with any analogue fax in the fixed network. SMS - Short Message Service. A message consisting of maximum 160 alphanumeric characters can be sent or received by a mobile station. If the MS is switched off or out of coverage area of the network, the message is stored in a short message service center. The message is delivered to the subscriber as soon as MS is on or it enters the coverage area. Cell Broadcast - This is just a variation of SMS service. A message of maximum 93characters can be broadcasted by an Operator which will be displayed to all mobile subscribers latched on the network. Such as Accident Notice, Fire, Bad weather etc

SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES
Call Forwarding 1. Call forwarding on MS not reachable. 2. Call forwarding on MS busy. 3. Call forwarding on no reply. 4. Call forwarding, unconditional. Call Barring The Subscriber or an Operator activate or deactivate the barring of Mobile station. There are three kinds of Barring. 1. Barring of all Outgoing Calls. 2. Barring of all Outgoing International Calls. 3. All incoming calls. Advice of ChargeThe advice of charge (AOC) service provides the subscriber with an estimate of the call charges. There are two types of AOC- One which is used for providing information regarding charging and another which is used for charging purpose. The estimation is based on time measurement of time hold during call

SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES

Call hold- This supplementary service is used to interrupt the ongoing call and make secondary calls without disconnecting first call.. Call Waiting- This service enables the mobile subscriber to be notified if any other call is coming at that time. He can hold the first call and make conversation with 2nd call. He has the option either to accept or reject 2nd incoming call. Multi- Party Service-The multi party service enables a subscriber to have a multi party conversation i.e. maximum 6 parties can join the same call and make Conversation. (Conference calls).

THE GSM SYSTEM MODEL

MOBILE STATION (MS)

Refers to the Mobile Phone, i.e. the handset held by the users in the mobile network Comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a Wireless telephone network. This is the terminology of 2G systems like GSM. In the 3G systems, MS( mobile station) is now referred as UE (User Equipment) .

BASE TRANSCEIVER SYSTEM (BTS)

controls the radio interface to the MS comprises the radio equipment such as transceivers and antennas which are needed to serve each cell in the network To avoid interference we intend to keep different frequencies of adjoining cells.

cell

Individual set of transmitting n receiving equipment. Formed in groups.

Base Station Controller (BSC)

A group of BTSs are controlled by a Base Station Controller (BSC). manages all the radio-related functions of a GSM network

MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING CENTRE (MSC)

A Number of BSCs are controlled by one MSC. It controls calls to and from the MS in the network, as well as calls from various National and International Operators. It uses Telephony and Data Calls as well as various

HOME LOCATION REGISTER (HLR)

The most important database in GSM network is HLR, where subscriber subscriptions, its various supplementary services, databases etc is kept. Whenever any subscriber buys subscription from any operator his complete profile will be kept safe in HLR. Furthermore there will be information about location of the particular subscriber, i.e, we can see in which MSC/VLR the subscriber is currently registered. Also if the subscriber moves to any different location area, the MSC/VLR ID is accordingly updated in HLR.

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

The Visitor Location Register is a database containing information about all the MS currently registered in particular MSC service area. As soon as the MS moves to a new MSC area the VLR of that MSC requests HLR to provide complete information of database of that Visiting Subscriber

AUTHENTICATION CENTRE (AUC)

Protected database that stores a copy of the secret key stored in each subscriber's SIM card, which is used for authentication and ciphering of the radio channel. The AUC is connected to the HLR. Provide the HLR with authentication parameters and ciphering keys, both used for security reasons.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) is a database that contains a list of all valid mobile equipment on the network, where its International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) identifies each MS. An IMEI is marked as invalid if it has been reported stolen or is not type approved.

GATEWAY MSC (GMSC)

The GMSC is used to connect a subscriber of different network or operator with our own network. The HLR provides this information to GMSC.

MSC/VLR Service Area

An MSC service area is represented of an service and coverage area of one MSC. A service area is that part of netwrk that is defined in which a mobile is registered in VLR.

Call flow

Overview of the GSM Interfaces For the connection of the different nodes in the GSM network, different interfaces are defined in the GSM specifications. Air interface The Air Interface is the interface between the BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and the MS (Mobile Station). The air interface is required for supporting: - Universal use of any compatible mobile station in a GSM network Abis-interface The Abis-interface is the interface between the BSC (Base Station Controller) and the BTS. The interface comprises traffic and control channels. Functions implemented at the Abis-interface are: - Voice-data traffic exchange - Signaling exchange between the BSC and the BTS A-interface The A-interface is the interface between the BSC and the MSC.

Thank You