CSCM1101: Fundamentals of Computing and Information Systems

ITIS101: Fundamentals of Information Technology

Semester 1 : 2022/2023

03
Chapter 3 - Understanding Data Your Text Here
You can simply im-
3.3- Logic Gates press your audience
and add a unique
zing.
04 05 06
Your Text Here
You can simply im-
press your audience
and add a unique
zing.
 Logic Gates
A Digital Logic Gate is an electronic circuit which makes logical decisions based on the
combination of digital signals present on its inputs

Digital logic gates can have more than one input, for example, inputs A, B, C, D etc.,
but generally, only have one digital output, (Q).
 Logic Gates
The Digital Logic Gate is the basic building block from
which all digital electronic circuits and microprocessor-
based systems are constructed from.

Basic digital logic gates perform logical operations of

AND, OR and NOT on binary numbers.

In digital logic design only two voltage levels or states are al-
lowed, and these states are generally referred to as Logic “1”
and Logic “0”, or HIGH and LOW, or TRUE and FALSE.
 Thinking in Binary

HIGH LOW
YES NO
TRUE FALSE
1 0
The output signal of a gate is single Boolean operation of its input signal.
 Logic Gates
A gate is an electronic circuit which produces a typical output signal depending
on its input signal (a device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals)

Gates are combined into Circuits to perform more complicated tasks.

Circuits
Gate
 Logic Gates
Gates are the basic logic elements. So, any expression can be represented in the form of gates.
However, describing the behavior of gates and circuits are represented in three ways?

 Algebraic notation (Boolean expressions)

Uses Boolean algebra, a mathematical notation for expressing two-valued logic

 Graphical symbols (Logic diagrams)

A graphical representation of a circuit; each gate has its own symbol

 Truth tables
A table showing all possible input value and the associated output values
Logic Gates
Logic Gates
 AND Gate
• An AND gate accepts two input signals
• If the two input values for an AND gate are both 1, the output is 1;
otherwise, the output is 0
AND Gate
AND Gate
AND Gate
AND Gate
AND Gate
 OR Gate
• If the two input values are both 0, the output value is 0;
otherwise, the output is 1
OR Gate
The OR Gate
The OR Gate
The OR Gate
The OR Gate
 NOT Gate
• A NOT gate accepts one input value and produces one output value.
• If the input value for a NOT gate is 0, the output value is 1, and
if the input value is 1, the output is 0
• A NOT gate is sometimes referred to as an inverter
because it inverts the input value
NOT Gate
NOT Gate
NOT Gate
Summary of Basic Gates
 XOR Gate (exclusive OR)
• An XOR gate produces 0 if its two inputs are the same, and a 1 otherwise.
• Note the difference between the XOR gate and the OR gate; they differ
only in one input situation
– When both input signals are 1, the OR gate produces a 1 and the XOR
produces a 0
The XOR Gate
The XOR Gate
The XOR Gate
The XOR Gate
 NAND Gates (universal Gates)
• The NAND gates are essentially the opposite of the AND gates.
NAND Gate
NAND Gate
NAND Gate
NAND Gate
 NOR Gate
• The NOR gates are essentially the opposite of OR gates.
The NOR Gate
The NOR Gate
The NOR Gate
The NOR Gate
 XNOR Gate
• The Exclusive-NOR Gate, also written as: “Ex-NOR” or “XNOR
• is the logical complement (Opposite) of the (Exclusive OR) (XOR) gate.

Other representation Y= A .B
The XNOR Gate
The XNOR Gate
The XNOR Gate
The XNOR Gate
Logic Gates Summary
 Circuit's diagram example

Case study:
You’re a computer engineer who supposed to develop an alarm system
for a house. The house has 6 windows, one front door and one back
door The house owner requirements are as follow:
• If any of the six windows is open the alarm sound should switch ON.
• If any of the front or back door is open for more than one minute, the
alarm sound should switch ON.
Circuit's diagram example
Drawing circuits diagram from a
given Boolean expression
 Writing truth table from a given
circuit diagram

X= A’  AB

Hints !! (To find about No of columns & No of rows in any truth table)
No of columns = (No of inputs + No of gates)
No of rows = (2n) n: number of inputs
Drawing circuits diagram from
a given truth table
Writing expressions and truth table from
a given logic circuit
Drawing circuits diagram from a
given Boolean expression
 Task: Download Logisim

Logisim is an educational tool for

designing and simulating digital
logic circuits.

http://www.cburch.com/logisim/
Do these on your own using Logisim

1) Y= AB +C’
2) Y= (AB + C’)’
3) Y= AB’ + BA’
4) Y= (MN) (N+T)’
5) Y= (A’B) A’C (BC’)