Critical Reading

as Reasoning
ASSERTIONS
Objective:
Formulates
assertions about the
content and
properties of a text
read.
ASSERTION
 An assertion is a statement used
to make a
declaration or to express strong
belief on a
particular topic, often without
evidence.
 An assertion can be formulated
after reading
a story or a poem, and even after
watching a
play.
The Purpose of Writing an Assertion

• It is for the writer to convey directly

an idea or feeling and to convince the
reader to accept the writer ’s
interpretation of a particular literary
work.
 The Purpose of Writing an
Assertion

• It is for the writer to convey

directly an
idea or feeling and to convince the
reader to accept the writer ’s
interpretation of a particular literary
work.
 Forming Assertion
The Purpose of Writing an Assertion

• It is for the writer to convey directly

an idea or feeling and to convince the
reader to accept the writer ’s
interpretation of a particular literary
work.
Let us use this short text in formulating different
types of assertion.

Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the

culture and values of the Filipinos are
still in tacked. Pre colonial
Philippines has their own form of
government and social structure. Every
local community is composed of small
kingdom or tribe headed by a chieftain
called the ‘rajah’ or‘datu’.
Social structure also exists and is
composed of three classes namely – the
‘maharlika’ or freeman, ‘timawa’ or the
middle class and the ‘alipin’ or the slaves.
Judicial, legislative and executive systems,
also known as the branches of the
government, are also present during
precolonialism .The ‘datu’ formulates the
law, ‘village elders’ help the datu in
deciding and promulgating laws and the
‘umalohokan’ or town crier is the one who
disseminates new law or ordinances.
Philippines is also known as sea
travellers with the use of their
‘balangay’ or Butuan boat. They also
had smooth foreign relation because
of the trading of minerals and goods.
Literacy rate is also high because of
the existence of the ‘baybayin’ or the
ancient writing method. All of these
advances were abolished as the
Spaniards fully colonized the country.
TYPES OF ASSERTIONS
1.Basic Assertion
 is a statement used to express the writer's
feelings, beliefs, and opinions directly. This type of
assertion is
usually used in writing formal papers like thesis
and dissertation.
Example:
The Philippines has an advanced civilization
before thecolonization of Spain. Form and
branches of government, social structure and the
existence of ancient writing are some of the
evidence that proves the advancement of the
precolonial period.
Explanation:
This first sentence is considered as
the basic assertion.

The second sentence contains

evidence that support the assertion.
2. Emphatic Assertion

 Is a statement used to express

empathy or on how a
person understands the feelings and
emotions of the
literary author. This can be used on
writing a formal or informal paper.
It is usually composed of two parts:
1) the first part is the statement that
recognizes the
situation or even the feelings of the
characters on the text
being read
2.) the second statement where the
writer states his
stand about the situation.
Example:
I know that the Philippines, before pre-
Spaniard colonization, has their system
of writing called the ‘baybayin’. This
alone proves that the Filipinos are
literate as opposed to the Spaniards
claim.
Explanation:
The first part recognizes the situation
based on the text being read. The
second part contains the writer’s stand
on the situation presented.
3. I - Language Assertion
 is a statement used to express the
feeling and preference of the
writer.
 It is called I-Language because it
focuses on the writer and is
using the pronoun ‘I’. This type of
assertion is recommended if the
author wants to express negative
feelings and opinion. This is
best used in writing a review or
reflection paper.
It is composed of Three parts.
 The first part contains the accurate
information from literary work,
especially the topic the writer
disagrees with (When you. . .).
 The second part includes the effect
or feeling of the writer towards the
topic (It affects/I feel...).
 The last part includes the preference
or recommendation of the writer
(Therefore, I prefer/I want...).
Example:
Upon reading that the ancient Filipino
civilization is divided into three social
classes namely the ‘maharlika’,
‘timawa’ and ‘alipin’, I feel proud
because of the civilization social
advancement and at the same time
sad because of the promulgation of
social differentiation. With this finding,
I want to do further research on the
existence of these social classes’
stigma.
Explanation:

The example given is divided into

three parts that includes the
feelings and preference of the writer.
Two (2) factors that
must be considered
before formulating
assertion
1. Determine the type of paper you
are going to write – and can
either be formal or informal paper.
2. Determine the type of literary work
you are going to examine including
novel, poem, journal article or theatre
play.
It is best to include facts and evidence
after every assertion. This is done to
make a strong stand on every
claimed assertion.
 Lets Check
your
Understanding
1.A statement used to make a
declaration or to express strong
belief on a certain topic is called .
A. assertion
B. opinion
C. fact
D. affirmation
2.When is the best time to formulate
literary assertion?

A. after reading a story

B. after playing online games
C. before watching a play
D. before writing the poem
3.The following are types of assertion
except :

A. I – Language Assertion
B. Emphatic Assertion
C. Core Assertion
D. Basic Assertion
5. Why do we need to formulate
assertions? (choose two answers)
A. to convince the reader to accept the
writer’s interpretation
B. to let the reader understand the
background of the paper
C. to present the conclusion of the
academic research
D. to let the writer directly convey his
idea or feeling
6. What makes a strong literary
assertion?
A. Every assertion must contain
hypothesis proposed by the author.
B. Every assertion must be followed by
facts and evidence.
C. Every assertion must include
observation made by the novelist.
D. Every assertion must include the
summary of articles.
7. The following are parts of I-
Language Assertion except .
A. it contains information on its effect
or feeling of the writer
B. it contains information on the
recommendation of the writer
C. it contains information from other
credible sources
D. it contains specific information from
the literary work.
 Common types
of Assertions
(According to the degree of Sanity)
FAT CAT

FACT
PIN LOTION

OPINION
OVEN LOTION

CONVENTION
Common Types of Assertions
(according to degree of certainty)
 FACT
This is a statement that can be proven
objectively by direct experience,
testimonies of
witnesses, verified observations, or
the results of research.
Example: The sampaguita’s roots are
used for medicinal purposes, such as
an anesthetic and a sedative.
 CONVENTION
. It is a way in which something is
done,
similar to traditions and norms.
 Conventions depend on historical
precedent,
laws, rules, usage, and customs.
Example: The sampaguita belongs
to the genus
Jasminum of the family Oleaceae.
 OPINION
. It is based on facts, but is difficult
to objectively verify because of the
uncertainty of producing
satisfactory proofs of soundness.
Example:
The popularity of sampaguita
flowers is most
evident in places of worship.
 PREFERRENCE
. It is based on personal choice;
therefore, they are subjective and
cannot be objectively proven or
logically attacked.
Example:
Sampaguitas are the most
beautiful and most
fragrant of all flowers.
CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING ASSERTION INTO
STATEMENT OF CONVENSIONS, FACT, PREFFERENCE
and OPINION.

1. Social media is defined as the

Internet and mobile based
tools and devices that facilitate the
integration of technology,
telecommunications, and social
interaction.
2.Facebook is a cooler social media
platform than Twitter.
6.Another name for social media is
“Web 2.0” because both terms
emphasize the social aspects of the
internet as avenues for
communication, collaboration,
and creative expression.
7.Many teenagers’ present obsession
with taking selfies shows they are the
most narcissistic generation.
3.In 2012, there were 1.4 billion users of
social media worldwide.
4.Teachers should use social media in
their lessons to get
more students interested.
5. Social networks are the most
distracting websites on
the Internet.
Nutrition and the Philippines: 'Nation at risk'
Fritzie Rodriguez
MANILA, Philippines — “Undernutrition is he single greatest threat to a child’s
life.”
Dr Martin Parreño, National Program Officer of the World Food Programme-
Philippines, called on Filipinos to
pay more attention to child malnutrition at all times — with or without disasters.
Latest statistics from the National Nutrition Council (NNC) showed that 67% of
Filipino families are not eating
enough even when there are no calamities.
In the Philippines, malnutrition is seen across all age groups — from infancy to
adulthood, the 2013 National
Nutrition Survey revealed.
“At the center of malnutrition’s underlying causes is inadequate childcare and
feeding practices,” Parreño
added. “And we don’t have a structure curriculum addressing this,” he said during
the 2014 Dr Juan Salcedo Memorial Lecture organized by the Nutrition Foundation
of the Philippines (NFP) on Thursday, October 9.
Children who grew up in homes where parents did not care or invest in proper food
and hygiene will most
likely grow up to become the same kind of parents, hence perpetuating the cycle.
The Department of Education has been working on integrating health and nutrition
lessons in school curricula.
More recent strategies also try to involve parents in classes and school-based
supplementary feeding programs.
Such efforts, however, will remain fruitless unless more parents realize the value of
nutrition and their roles as
primary caregivers.
CREDITS
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337662336/Critical-
Reading-as-Reasoning