ACADEMIC WRITING

Academic Writing

 It takes the form of a formal

paper that follows specific standards
such as the use of a formal language,
referencing where sources are given
credit, and specific grammatical
patterns, organization and argument.
 Academic Writing

 It is different from other

types of writing such as
creative writing and
journalistic writing due to its
distinct content and format.
 CHARACTERISTICS
1. AUDIENCE
Guidelines for understanding
your audience (Trimmer, 2004):
a. Who are the readers that will
be most interested in my
writing?
b. What do my readers know or
think about my subject?
 CHARACTERISTICS

c. Why will my readers read my

writing?
d. How can I interest my readers
in my subject?
e. How can I help my readers read
my writing
 2. PURPOSE

- refers to the writer’s objective in writing

about a certain topic.
 to explain (inform, educate)
 to entertain (amuse)
 to persuade (convince, or
change reader’s mind)
 3. VOICE

( Academic Voice)
It is used to distinguish
between your thoughts and
words and those of other
authors.
DIRECT VOICE
- is either your own or that of
other writers that you quote
directly.

INDIRECT VOICE
- When you make a summary or
paraphrase someone’s ideas.
 4. CONVENTIONS
-it refers to the rules about
appearance and format of the writing.

In academic writing
you need to follow specific
standards, rule, and format
( grammar, punctuations, spelling,
organizations, style, and citations)
 ACADEMIC WRITING
FEATURES
 FORMALITY
In general this means in an essay
that you should avoid:
a. colloquial words and
expressions; ""stuff", "a lot of",
"thing", "sort of",
b. abbreviated forms: "can't",
"doesn't", "shouldn't"
c. two word verbs: "put off", "bring up“.

d. sub-headings, numbering and

bullet-points in formal essays -
but use them in reports.

e. asking questions.
 IMPERSONALITY
An objective tone can be achieved
through the use of impersonal
language. Avoid characteristics of
personal language such as:
using personal pronouns,
using judgmental words that
indicate your feelings about a
subject, and using words that
are emotive.
 HEDGING

the concept of cautious language,

often called "hedging" or "vague
language". In other words, it is
necessary to make decisions about
your stance on a particular subject,
or the strength of the claims you are
making.
 TIPS:SURVIVING ACADEMIC
WRITING
1. Know your topic and the demand of
the task.

2. Understand your audience.

3. Specify your purpose.

4. Specify your role.