UCSE253L – DATABASE

MANAGEMENT
Module 1: Basic Concepts SYSTEMS
 Topics
01 Data Modeling

02 Three level architecture of DBMS

03 Components of DBMS

04 DBMS Users
 Introduction

• Any organization may deal with set of data, those related data is known as database. A database
system is an integrated collection of related files, along with details of the interpretation of the data
contained therein.
• A database management system (DBMS) is a software system that allows access to data contained
in a database. The objective of the DBMS is to provide a convenient and effective method of
defining, storing, and retrieving the information contained in the database.
• Example DBMS softwares - MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, MariaDB,
PostgreSQL and Microsoft Access.
 Data Modeling
• Data modeling is a process of creating a conceptual representation of data objects and their
relationships to one another. The process of data modeling typically involves several steps,
including requirements gathering, conceptual design, logical design, physical design, and
implementation.
• Entities: An entity is a “thing” or “object” in the real world that is distinguishable from other
objects. For example, each person is an entity, and bank accounts can be considered as entities.
• Attributes: Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes. For example, the attributes
dept name, building, and budget may describe one particular department in a university, and they
form attributes of the department entity set.
instructor (id, name, dept_name, salary)
course(course_id, title, dep_name, credits)
 Data Modeling
• Relationships: A relationship is an association among several entities. For example, a member
relationship associates an instructor with her department. The set of all entities of the same type
and the set of all relationships of the same type are termed an entity set and relationship set,
respectively.
• Keys: A key is a single attribute or combination of two or more attributes of an entity set that is
used to identify one or more instances of the set.
• A superkey is a set of one or more attributes that, taken collectively, allow us to identify
uniquely a tuple in the relation.
• We are often interested in superkeys for which no proper subset is a superkey. Such minimal
superkeys are called candidate keys.
• A foreign key is a column or columns in a table that that are linked to a column in a different
 Data Modeling
A foreign key is a column or columns in a table that that are linked to a column in a different table.

Referencing Table

Referenced Table
 Three Levels of
Architecture
Three Levels of architecture of a DBMS
• View Level
• Logical Level
• Physical Level
 Uses of DBMS
Users of a DBMS
• Naïve users
• Application programmers
• Sophisticated users
• Database Administrators

Data Independence
• Logical data independence
• Physical data independence
 Components of DBMS
Main components of DBMS
• Disk storage
• Storage Manager
• Query Processor
 Advantages & Disadvantages of DBMS
Advantages of DBMS
• Data redundancy and inconsistency
• Difficulty in accessing data
• Data isolation
• Integrity problems
• Atomicity problems
• Concurrent-access anomalies
• Security problems
 Advantages & Disadvantages of DBMS
Disadvantages of DBMS
• Problems associated with centralisation
• Cost of software/hardware and migration
• Complexity of backup and recovery