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IP RAN Solution Introduction

- Basic

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Contents

What Is RAN?

Background of IP RAN

Key Requirements for IP RAN

IP RAN Solution

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What Is RAN?

BSC
BTS RAN

NodeB/eNB RNC/MME/SGW

The radio access network (RAN), also called the backhaul network, refers to the
transmission network between the base stations (BTS/NodeB/eNodeB) and base
station controllers (BSC/RNC/MME/SGW).

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RAN Evolution

As 3G and LTE
services such as
To meet the multimedia services
development of develop, the demand
Ethernet services, for high bandwidth
MSTP networks rapidly grows.
are widely Traditional SDH Because ATM
At the early deployed to bear networks cannot networks are
stage, SDH Ethernet and TDM meet the high complex in
networks are services. bandwidth deployment,
used to bear 2G requirements of 3G operation, and
pure voice services and ATM maintenance, IP
services and the networks are packet switched
TDM bandwidth therefore networks (PSNs)
usage is low. introduced. become the
mainstream bearer
networks.

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Contents

What Is RAN?

Background of IP RAN

Key Requirements for IP RAN

IP RAN Solution

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Background of IP RAN — Traditional SDH
Network
As a transmission technology, SDH plays an important role in the development history of
bearer networks.

With TDM and fixed-bandwidth channels,

An SDH network
an SDH network provides good QoS
provides natural high-
guarantee with low bandwidth usage.
precision clocks,
enabling network-wide
Fixed Pipe 1 time synchronization.
Chanel
Pipe 2
Traditional
SDH Network

An SDH network uses An SDH network

point-to-point links, provides a variety of
making it costly for OAM mechanisms,
network expansion. allowing for end-to-
end link fault
detection and statistics
collection.

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Background of IP RAN — IP Network
As a packet switched technology that provides high bandwidth at a relatively low cost, IP
is gaining increasing popularity in network development.

An IP network switches packets over An IP network

flexible channels, greatly improving supports multiple
bandwidth usage. dynamic routing
Pipe1 protocols, simplifying
Flexible network management.
chanels Pipe2
Available bandwidth

IP Network

Because an IP An IP network
network is a provides only best-
connectionless effort packet
network, expanding an forwarding. It does not
IP network is provide OAM or QoS
convenient and mechanisms to ensure
inexpensive. link quality.

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Background of IP RAN — IP + RAN

With its advantages in reliability, QoS

guarantee, OAM, and clock precision, SDH IP networks are favored by carriers
will continue to be used for a long time in the for its connectionlessness, dynamic
future. Using SDH consistently also helps routing, and packet switching.
carriers to protect investments. However, owing to its disadvantages
in reliability and OAM, IP networks
Win-Win Collaboration are not the preferred bearer networks
for carriers.

IP RAN Solution
The IP RAN solution realizes IP connectivity
between base stations and base station
controllers, applies to multiple types of
transmission media, provides OAM and QoS
mechanisms, and meets the radio backhaul
requirements.

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Contents

What Is RAN?

Background of IP RAN

Key Requirements for IP RAN

IP RAN Solution

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Key Requirements for IP RAN—Multi-service Bearer

As 3G and LTE services develop, IP-based base stations that

provide multiple types of interfaces become the main development
trend.

•2G: TDM/E1 interfaces for voice services. Service

•3G: Ethernet interfaces for signaling, voice, data, and video services.
•LTE: S1 and X2 interfaces for signaling, voice, data, and video services.
eNodeBs use X2 interfaces to connect to each other. The X2 interfaces are SDH
mainly used to forward control and data packets along the shortest path during
base station switchovers.
Ethernet ATM

Since network upgrade needs to be completed Bearer

step by step, the 2G, 3G, and 4G base stations
will coexist at the same site for a long time.
Unified bearer capabilities must be considered
in mobile bearer network design.

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Key Requirements for IP RAN— Clock Synchronization
The data and voice services of mobile networks require strict time and
clock synchronization to achieve low-delay and low-jitter transmission.

If the clock and time are not synchronized between base stations, calls
may be abnormally dropped during base station handovers, resulting in
the one-way audio phenomenon. If the time and clock are not correctly
synchronized between two base stations, the call quality deteriorates.
??

Clock2

Have a date?

Clock1

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Key Requirements for IP RAN— QoS

As the demand for bandwidth grows and service type diversifies,

higher requirements are imposed for QoS guarantee.

Different QoS policies

Data
Video
Voice

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Key Requirements for IP RAN— OAM Mechanism
The mobile bearer network must provide an E2E OAM fault
detection mechanism to manage and control service and network
quality at the operational level and network level, so as to ensure
network quality.

Link layer Service Management

layer layer
In addition, the mobile bearer network must provide
carrier-class protection switching to ensure the quality
of voice, video, and other services that require real-
time transmission.

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Contents

What Is RAN?

Background of IP RAN

Key Requirements for IP RAN

IP RAN Solution

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IP RAN Solution — Network Topology
The IPTime MBB solution based ATN +CX proposed by Huawei, although oriented to LTE, can
transmit existing 2G/3G services. This solution gives full consideration to the diverse needs of mobile
broadband, making mobile broadband profitable by aligning transmission costs with the mobile
broadband development strategy.
Last Mile Access Aggregation RNC/SGW/MME

RSG BSC
BTS ATN AGG
CSG
ATN
NodeB RNC

ATN AGG RSG

NodeB / eNB MME/SGW

The "last mile" The access layer The aggregation layer formed The base station
meets the formed by CSGs by ASGs and RSGs uses the controllers direct
requirements for uses the ring or chain ring or chain topology and service traffic from
deploying 2G, topology and aggregates traffic from the base stations to the
3G, and LTE provides access for access layer. network aggregation
base stations at TDM, ATM, and layer.
the same site. Ethernet services.

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IP RAN Solution — Overview
 E2E L3VPN
Key Requirements I  Mixed VPN(L2VPN+L3VPN)
Multi-service Bearer  Hierarchy VPN
 Native IP+L3VPN

 1588v2
Key Requirements II  synchronous Ethernet
Clock Synchronization  1588ACR
 IP clock

 Traffic classifier
Key Requirements III  Traffic policy
QoS  Traffic shaping
 Congestion Management and Avoidance

 EFM
 802.1ag
Key Requirements IV  BFD
 Y.1731
OAM Mechanism  MPLS OAM
 NQA
 MPLS TP OAM

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IP RAN Solution — VPN

Why VPN ？

The base station side does not care about the internal structure
of the network and only needs the network side to provide
transmission pipelines.
The network side wants to provide transmission pipelines to the
base station side without exposing its internal structure.
As services are diversified, the bearer network must be
compatible with multiple types of transmission media and
provides specific transport networks for specific types of
services.

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IP RAN Solution — VPN

How to select VPN ？

Choose L2VPN or L3VPN to bear Ethernet services. Depending on

whether the carrier's devices participate in user route distribution, you
can choose either L2VPN or L3VPN.
Choose PWE3 to bear TDM and ATM services. PWE3 interconnects
the traditional network and PSN. PWE3 encapsulates TDM/ATM
services at the ingress of the network and then transmits these services
over the paths between the ingress and egress. During service
transmission, PWE3 emulates the behaviors and characteristics of the
functions needed to transmit these services.

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IP RAN Solution — VPN
More detailed VPN solution

Solution Description Networking

E2E L3VPN As IP-based base stations become the trend and Layer 3 moves down to the E2E L3VPN
edge, the E2E L3VPN solution can be used. This solution has the following
characteristics:
•Easy service deployment, simple configurations, low operation and
maintenance costs, and low requirements for maintenance skills
•High service reliability and security, comprehensive protection switching
mechanism, and strong service isolation capability
Mixed VPN In this solution, L2VPN is deployed at the access side and L3VPN is Mixed VPN
(L2VPN+L3VP deployed at the aggregation side. The network has excellent fault isolation
N) capability, enhanced network robustness, and large-scale dynamic
networking capability.
HVPN This solution uses hierarchical L3VPN to isolate faults and enhance HVPN
network robustness. The network is highly reliable and secure, and has low
requirements for maintenance skills.

Native In this solution, IP forwarding is used at the access side and efficient Native IP + L3VPN
IP+L3VPN L3VPN encapsulation is used at the aggregation side. The network has
excellent fault isolation capability and large-scale dynamic networking
capability.

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IP RAN Solution — VPN
Solution 1: E2E L3VPN
Last Mile Access Aggregation RNC/SGW/MME

RSG BSC
BTS ATN AGG M-
1
E1 ST
CSG
STM-1
ATM ATN
NodeB ATM RNC
GE
Eth.
ATN AGG RSG

NodeB/eNodeB
IP RNC/S-GW/MME

TDM/ATM Services E2E PWE3

2G TDM PW 2G TDM PW

3G ATM PW 3G ATM PW

3G ETH VRF Tunnel 3G ETH VRF

LTE VRF S1 LTE VRF S1

LTE VRF X2
LTE VRF X2

E2E L3VPN

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IP RAN Solution — VPN
Solution 2: Mixed L3VPN
Last Mile Access Aggregation RNC/SGW/MME

RSG BSC
BTS ATN AGG M-
1
E1 ST
CSG
STM-1
ATM ATN
NodeB ATM RNC
GE
Eth.
ATN AGG RSG

NodeB/eNodeB
IP RNC/S-GW/MME

TDM/ATM Services PWE3 PWE3

2G TDM PW 2G TDM PW

3G ATM PW 3G ATM PW

3G ETH PW Access Tunnel Aggregate Tunnel 3G ETH VRF

LTE S1 ETH PW LTE VRF S1

LTE X2 ETH PW
X2

PWE3 L2VPN+L3VPN L3VPN

Ethernet Service

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IP RAN Solution — VPN
Solution 3: Hierarchical L3VPN
Last Mile Access Aggregation RNC/SGW/MME

RSG BSC
BTS ATN AGG M -1
E1 ST
CSG
STM-1
ATM ATN
NodeB ATM RNC
GE
Eth.
ATN AGG RSG

NodeB/eNodeB
IP RNC/S-GW/MME

TDM/ATM Services PWE3 PWE3

2G TDM PW 2G TDM PW

3G ATM PW 3G ATM PW

3G ETH VRF Access Tunnel Aggregate Tunnel 3G ETH VRF

LTE VRF S1 LTE VRF S1

LTE VRF X2
X2

Ethernet Service L3VPN Hierarchical L3VPN

L3VPN

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IP RAN Solution — VPN
Solution 4: Native IP+L3VPN
Last Mile Access Aggregation RNC/SGW/MME

RSG BSC
BTS ATN AGG M-
1
E1 ST
CSG
STM-1
ATM ATN
NodeB ATM RNC
GE
Eth.
ATN AGG RSG

NodeB/eNodeB
IP RNC/S-GW/MME

TDM/ATM Service PWE3 PWE3

2G TDM PW 2G TDM PW
Access Tunnel
3G ATM PW 3G ATM PW

3G ETH IP Aggregation Tunnel 3G ETH VRF

LTE S1 IP LTE VRF S1

LTE X2 IP
X2

Ethernet Service Native IP Native IP+L3VPN L3VPN

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IP RAN Solution —Clock Synchronization
Radio services have high requirements for frequency and time synchronization, but deploying GPS is too
costly. Huawei provides technologies such as 1588v2, synchronous Ethernet, 1588 ACR, and IP clock for
frequency and time synchronization on base stations.

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IP RAN Solution — E2E QoS
An IP bearer network carries a large number of services, which can be basically divided into three
categories: voice, video, and data. Each type of service has unique requirements for network
reliability, bandwidth, delay, and jitter.

Huawei's IP RAN QoS solution uses DiffServ and HQoS meet the QoS requirements of different types
of traffic by implementing traffic classification, priority mapping, and traffic scheduling. In this manner,
network service quality is ensured.

Voice service: has low requirements for bandwidth, but high requirements
for delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio.
During traffic classification, voice service packets can be mapped to EF or
AF queues.

Data service: has high requirements for bandwidth, but low requirements for
delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio.
During traffic classification, data service packets can be mapped to BE
queues.

Video service: has high requirements for bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet
loss ratio.
During traffic classification, video service packets can be mapped to EF or
AF queues.

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IP RAN Solution — E2E QoS

UNI Port NNI Port NNI Port UNI Port

CS7 … CS7
…
Video CS6 … 5 5 5 5 … CS6
Video
EF … … EF
Voice AF4 … 4 4 4 4 … AF4 Voice
AF3 … AF3
…
AF2 AF2
… …
Data AF1 … AF1 Data
BE 3 3 3 3 …
BE
… …

E2E QoS is flexible in deployment, providing link quality guarantee.

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IP RAN Solution — E2E OAM

EFM/BFD EFM/BFD
Link layer
MPLS OAM/MPLS TP OAM/BFD
PW layer

802.1ag/Y.1731/BFD
Service
layer
NQA
IP layer

There is no perfect OAM mechanism, only the most appropriate OAM mechanism. A
flexible OAM mechanism provides E2E link quality guarantee.

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