5th December, 2022

Planets, Earth,
and Protection
Big round balls around stars,
and why they are important.

Mr. Shantanu
Space and Science Fan
The Solar System
Solar means Sun.

Solar System is the

family of the Sun.

It includes Sun, the

eight planets, space
rocks, and dwarf
planets.
What Is A Planet?

Rule 1: It goes around the Sun

What are planets?

Rule 2: It is round like a

ball.
What are planets?

Rule 3: It is very big.

Much bigger than our
Moon.
What are planets?

Rule 4: Its orbit (or path)

does not cut any other
planet's orbit.
 How did planets form?

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Our Earth

Young Earth Todays Earth

4,500,000,000 years ago 2022
How did Earth form?

In the beginning Earth was

completely covered with
lava, and was super hot.

It had no oxygen or water.

How did Earth form?

Many volcanoes released

gases to mix with air.

Air still had no oxygen.

Harmful rays from the Sun

could reach the Earth.
 How did Earth form?

Space rocks collided with Earth and brought water to it.

The lava slowly cooled to form solid ground. Earth started having air.
How did Earth form?

The water formed oceans and seas as Earth cooled.

The first kind of life was very, very tiny. It made oxygen like plants.
 How did Earth form?

After millions of years, oxygen increased in air, and many different kinds of
animals and plants were formed. This is our Earth today.
What makes Earth special?
- Earth has liquid water.

- Earth has air with oxygen.

- Earth is not very cold, not very

hot.

- Earth protects us from harmful

rays from Sun.
Venus: Earth's Sister
Venus is the almost same size as
Earth.

It is very, very hot. Even hotter

than Mercury.
 Venus: Earth's Sister

Photos from robots show Venus is completely dry, hot, and has many
volcanoes. It also has poisionous air.
Mars: Failed Earth?

Mars is colder than the Earth. It is more far from the Sun. It has no air.
 Mars: Failed Earth?

Photos show that long time ago Mars had water. All its water has been
lost. It is now fully dry.
Exoplanets!

There are so many stars like the Sun in the sky. If Sun has planets, do
they also have planets??
Some cool exoplanets!

55 Cancri e: The Diamond Planet

Some cool exoplanets!

TOI 1452 b:
The Ocean
Planet
Some cool exoplanets!

HAT P11 b: The Electrifying Planet

Some cool exoplanets!

HD 189733 b: The Windiest Planet

Some cool exoplanets!

Kepler 186-f: The Possible Second Earth?

Earth Is Special
Being Good To Earth

What can you do to be kind to Earth?

Do You Know Pluto?

Pluto used to be the ninth planet. Now it is called a dwarf planet.

What if Jupiter was a basketball?

If Jupiter was as small as a basketball, how small would all the other
planets become?
What if Jupiter was a basketball?

Mercury would be as small as a rajma bean.

What if Jupiter was a basketball?

Both Venus and Earth would nearly be as small as a marble.

What if Jupiter was a basketball?

Mars would be like a chole daal.

What if Jupiter was a basketball?

Saturn would be like volley ball, only slightly smaller than basketball.
What if Jupiter was a basketball?

Uranus and Neptune would be a little bigger than cricket balls.

What if Jupiter was a basketball?

Pluto would be as small as yellow dal grain.

What if Jupiter was a basketball?

Ceres would be as small as a sugar crystal.

What if Jupiter was a basketball?

Earth's Moon would be just a little bigger than Pluto, so also like a grain.
Can We Fit Solar System On A Scale?

If we wanted to fit all the planets and Sun on a scale, where would all the
planets lie?
THANK YOU
I hope you had fun :)

Do you have any questions?

 Where are black holes?

They could be ANYWHERE!

Are there any more galaxies like the Milky Way?

Yes. Many, many, many more galaxies. Billions and billions of galaxies.
Why is the Sun so hot?
It has a LOT of gas
pressed together. That
makes it hot.

It joins hydrogen gas to

make helium gas. This
makes it even hotter!
Are there any other new planets?

Till today, we have

found 5284 planets
outside the solar
system.

There are billions more

to find!
Can there be a purple planet?

It is not impossible. A star hotter than the Sun may have a planet like
this.