DIFFERENT

ECOSYSTEMS
• MANGROVE FOREST

• SEA ICE IN THE ARCTIC

• RICE PADDY
MANGROVE
FORESTS
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WHAT ARE MANGROVES?
Trees that can grow with their roots in sea water.
Form forests along the coasts of many tropical countries.
Mangrove forests are found on coastlines in tropical and subtropical areas.
Mangrove forests are coastal forests and critical habitats that act as nurseries
and protect from coasts from erosion. (find out how)
They form distinct saline woodland or shrubland habitat, home to many
organisms.
 COMMON
LOCATIONS-INDIA?
• Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, West Bengal

• Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Odisha

• Godavari-Krishna Mangroves, Andhra Pradesh

• Gulf of Kutch Mangroves, Gujarat

• Mangroves of Thane Creek, Maharashtra

• Pichavaram Mangroves, Tamil Nadu

• Chorao Island Mangroves, Goa

• Baratang Island Mangroves, Andaman

What does a typical aquatic ecosystem contain?
• Planktons
• Fishes
• Water (with/without salt)
• Microbes
• Crustaceans
MANGROVE
ECOSYSTEM
• Fishes; large and small
• Mud skippers
• Bacteria
• Prawns and crabs
• Macaques
 The unique ecosystem found in the
intricate mesh of mangrove roots-
marine habitat for young organisms.

INTERACTIO Fish, shrimp, crabs, and molluscs are

among the organisms that take shelter
NS within mangrove roots.

In areas where roots are permanently

submerged, the organisms include
algae, barnacles, oysters, sponges, etc
which all require a hard surface for
anchoring.
INTERACTIONS
Shrimps and mud lobsters use
the muddy bottoms as their
home.
Leaves-decomposed by the
bacteria.
Mangrove crabs and prawns eat
the partially decomposed
mangrove leaves.
Mangrove forests decay
into peat deposits because of
fungi and bacteria as well as by
the action of termites.
Macaques- feed on crabs

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

SEA ICE IN THE ARCTIC
H T T P S : / / W W W. Y O U T U B E . C O M / WAT C H ? V = F 4 X AV B Y Y R X E
ECOLOGY
• Bacteria, algae, and
annelids.
• Seals.
• Polar bears.
• Arctic foxes.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.
Sea ice arises as seawater freezes
Ice is less dense than water; it
floats on the ocean's surface.
Sea ice is part of the
Earth's biosphere.
When seawater freezes, the ice is
riddled with brine-filled channels
which sustain organisms such as
bacteria, algae, and annelids​.
Polar bears give birth and hunt
on sea ice and they need it to
travel from one region to
another. Survival of mothers
and cubs in the spring depends
on the mothers’ hunting
success, which, in turn,
depends on the stability and
extent of sea ice.
Certain seal species that rarely
come to land, such as the harp
seal, spotted seal and the
ringed seal, depend on
Arctic sea ice. Not only does
sea ice provide a home for
resting, giving birth and raising
pups, it is also a feeding
ground for some of them.
The ice edge in coastal areas
is an important feeding
ground for the walrus that
use the ice as diving
platforms to feed on clams
on the sea floor.
ADAPTATIONS

Presence of fur
Polar bears have large, paddle-like paws to propel them through the water,
and they've been documented swimming for hours.
Walruses have large tusks that they use to pull themselves out of the water,
and they find much of their food by foraging along the sea floor.
Algae-----Shrimp-----Fish-----
Seals-----Polar bears and
Arctic Foxes
RICE PADDY OF MALAYSIA
A paddy field is a flooded field of arable
land used
for growing semiaquatic crops, most
notably rice.
HOW DOES A PADDY FIELD SERVE AS
AN ECOSYSTEM??
INTERACTI
ONS
At some times of the year, the paddy
fields are flooded with water.
Rice fields are temporary wetlands that
harbor many of the same species that
breed in natural temporary ponds.
Algae-grow
Fishes-swim from irrigation canals
Frogs and flies-breed
Birds-feed
Fertilizers-help algae grow
ADAPTATIONS OF
ORGANISMS

Fins-fishes Webbed foot-frogs

ACTIVITY TIME
MANGROVE FOREST SEA ICE PADDY FIELD
LOCATION (1 or 2)
EXAMPLES FOR
ORGANISMS (min 3)
EXAMPLES FOR
INTERACTIONS (min 2)
EXAMPLES FOR
ADAPTATION (min 2)
EXAMPLES FOR
PRODUCERS (min 1)
EXAMPLES FOR
CONSUMERS (min 2)