JIT AND LEAN OPERATIONS

MADE BY ENG MAHMOUD BAHAA

GROUP :2P SHERTON

ID : 22127012
 JIT/LEAN PRODUCTION

• Just-in-time (JIT): A highly coordinated processing

system in which goods move through the system, and
services are performed, just as they are needed,
• JIT   lean production
• JIT  pull (demand) system
• JIT operates with very little “fat”
 JIT/LEAN PRODUCTION

• Lean: highly coordinated system that uses minimal resources and procedures high-
quality goods or services. Lean operation depends on having high-quality processes in
place. Quality is an integral part of lean operation, without high process quality, lean
operation cannot exist.

• Lean productions began as lean manufacturing in the mid-1990. It was developed by the
Japanese automobile manufacturer-Toyota. The development in Japan was influenced by
the limited resources available at the time.

• Not surprisingly, the Japanese were very sensitive to waste and inefficiency. Widespread
interest in lean manufacturing occurred after the book about automobile production, The
Machine That Changed the World by Womack, Jones and Roos was published in 1991.
SUMMARY JIT GOALS AND BUILDING
BLOCKS

Ultimate A
Goal balanced
rapid flow

Supporting
Goals Eliminate disruptions
Make the system flexible Eliminate waste

Product Process Personnel Manufactur- Building

Design Design Elements ing Planning Blocks
 SOURCES OF WASTE

• Excess Inventory
• Overproduction
• Waiting Time
• Unnecessary Transporting
• Processing Waste
• Inefficient Work Methods
• Product Defects
• Underused People
 JIT BUILDING BLOCKS

• Product design
• Process design
• Personnel/organizational
elements
• Manufacturing
planning and control
 PROCESS DESIGN

• Small lot sizes

• Setup time reduction
• Manufacturing cells
• Limited work in process
• Quality improvement
• Production flexibility
• Little inventory storage
 BENEFITS OF SMALL LOT SIZES

• Reduces inventory
• Less rework
• Less storage space
• Problems are more apparent
• Increases product flexibility
• Easier to balance operations
 PRODUCTION FLEXIBILITY

• Reduce downtime by reducing changeover time

• Use preventive maintenance to reduce breakdowns
• Cross-train workers to help clear bottlenecks
• Use many small units of capacity
• Use off-line buffers
• Reserve capacity for important customers
 PERSONNEL/ORGANIZATIONAL ELEMENTS

• Workers as assets
• Cross-trained workers
• Continuous improvement
• Cost accounting
• Leadership/project management
MANUFACTURING PLANNING AND CONTROL

• Level loading
• Pull systems
• Visual systems
• Close vendor relationships
• Reduced transaction processing
• Preventive maintenance
 PULL/PUSH SYSTEMS

• Pull system: System for moving work where a workstation pulls output
from the preceding station as needed. (e.g. Kanban)
• Push system: System for moving work where output is pushed to the
next station as it is completed
 KANBAN PRODUCTION CONTROL SYSTEM

• Kanban: Card or other device that communicates demand for work or

materials from the preceding station
• Kanban is the Japanese word meaning “signal” or “visible record”
• Paperless production control system
• Authority to pull, or produce comes
from a downstream process.
 Traditional Supplier Network

Buyer
Supplier Supplier
Supplier

Supplier Supplier Supplier Supplier

 Tiered Supplier Network

Buyer

First Tier Supplier Supplier

Second Tier Supplier Supplier Supplier

Third Tier Supplier Supplier Supplier Supplier Supplier

COMPARISON OF JIT AND TRADITIONAL

Factor Traditional JIT

Inventory Much to offset forecast Minimal necessary to operate
errors, late deliveries
Deliveries Few, large Many, small

Lot sizes Large Small

Setup; runs Few, long runs Many, short runs

Vendors Long-term relationships Partners

are unusual
Workers Necessary to do the work Assets
 TRANSITIONING TO A JIT SYSTEM

• Get top management commitment

• Decide which parts need most effort
• Obtain support of workers
• Start by trying to reduce setup times
• Gradually convert operations
• Convert suppliers to JIT
• Prepare for obstacles
 BENEFITS OF JIT SYSTEMS

• Reduced inventory levels

• High quality
• Flexibility
• Reduced lead times
• Increased productivity
 ELEMENTS OF JIT

• Smooth flow of work (the ultimate goal)

• Elimination of waste
• Continuous improvement
• Eliminating anything that does not add value
• Simple systems that are easy to manage
• Use of product layouts to minimize moving materials and parts
• Quality at the source
THANK YOU!