Topics

LESSON 2
a) POSTURE
b) POSTURAL ASSESSMENT
c) HUMAN MUSCLE, MOVEMENT TERMS, DIRECTIONAL TERMS &
PLANES OF MOTION

LESSON 3
d) FUNCTIONAL CORE ASSESSMENT
e) COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
 What is posture?

Is defined as the relative position of the body and/or the

arrangement of its body parts at any moment.
THE SPINAL COLUMN

Photo credits: SpineUniverse

https://www.spineuniverse.com/anatomy/vertebral-column
 What posture are you?

Photo credit: Muscle Therapy Australia

muscletherapyaustralia.com.au/single-post-c18co/2016/11/27/what-posture-are-you
 ASSESSMENT 1
a) POSTURAL ASSESSMENT
General Instructions: The learners will answer the assessment questionnaire which will help to identify whether you have a
good or faulty posture. After that, they will complete a reflection paper by answering the guide questions. The learner must
attach a corresponding picture showing the result of their assessment.
Click the word file to
answer the
assessment.
 ACTIVITY 2
b) REFLECTION PAPER

Activity: Reflection Entry

General Instructions: The learner will write a reflection paper by answering the guide
questions below with an attached photo/s showing the corresponding results of their
assessment.
Guidelines:
The reflection paper must be written in a letter/short size (8.5’ x 11’) paper, in Arial font, size
12, Normal Margin and Normal Spacing with a minimum of 500 words. The reflection paper
will be graded based on the rubric provided.
Guide Questions:
1.How would you describe your current posture based on the result of your postural
assessment activity?
2.What are your practices that you think have affected your posture and how does it affect
your posture?
3.Why is having good posture an important factor when moving?
HUMAN MUSCLE
 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

FLEXION and EXTENSION – Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the

angle between two body parts. Extension refers to a movement that increases
the angle between two body parts.

Photo credits: TeachMeAnatomy https://teachmeanatomy.info/the-basics/anatomical-terminology/terms-of-movement/

 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

DORSIFLEXION and PLANTARFLEXION – Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are

terms used to describe movements at the ankle. Dorsiflexion refers to flexion
at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly. Plantarflexion refers
extension at the ankle, so that the foot points inferiorly.

Photo credits: TeachMeAnatomy https://teachmeanatomy.info/the-basics/anatomical-terminology/terms-of-movement/

 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

INVERSION and EVERSION – Inversion and eversion are movements which

occur at the ankle joint, referring to the rotation of the foot around its long
axis. Inversion involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane –
so that the sole faces in a medial direction. Eversion involves the movement of
the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral
direction.

Source: cnx.org
 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

ABDCUTION and ADDUCTION– Abduction and adduction are two terms that
are used to describe movements towards or away from the midline of the body.
Abduction is a movement away from the midline. Adduction is a movement
towards the midline.

Photo credits: MachineDesign : https://www.machinedesign.com/markets/medical/article/21831782/whats-

the-difference-between-abduction-and-adduction-biomechanics
 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

MEDIAL and LATERAL ROTATION – Medial and lateral rotation describe

movement of the limbs around their long axis. Medial rotation is a rotational
movement towards the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal
rotation. Lateral rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline.

Photo credits: TeachMeAnatomy https://teachmeanatomy.info/the-basics/anatomical-terminology/terms-of-movement/

 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

PRONATION and SUPINATION– These terms also apply to the whole body –
when lying flat on the back, the body is supine. When lying flat on the front,
the body is prone.

Photo credits: http://johnrlau.blogspot.com/

 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

CIRCUMDUCTION– is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and

adduction. It allows a person to create a big circular movements of the arms
from the shoulder.

Photo credits: Circumduction (Drake, Vogl, and Mitchell, 2010)

 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

PROTRACTION and RETRACTION - Protraction and retraction occur in two

major regions of the body – the scapula and the mandible. Protraction refers to
protruding or sticking out. Retraction refers to bringing together.

https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/File:Protraction_Retraction.png https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/485403666063804537/
 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

DEPRESSION and ELAVATION – Elevation refers to lifting

upward , and depression refers to lowering downward.

Photo credits:https://geekymedics.com/anatomical-movements-of-the-human-body/
 ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENT

OPPOSITION and REPOSITION– Opposition brings the thumb and little finger
together. Reposition is a movement that moves the thumb and the little finger
away from each other, effectively reversing opposition.

Photo credits:https://geekymedics.com/anatomical-movements-of-the-human-body/
 DIRECTIONAL TERMS
ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR –indicate direction towards
the front of back parts of the body.
SUPERIOR and INFERIOR – use to signify height-
highness or lowness in relation to a reference body part
PROXIMAL and DISTAL– indicate distance in relation to a
body part. Proximal used to signify distance closer to the
reference point while distal used to refer to a distance
farther from the reference point.
LATERAL and MEDIAL – indicate the side or direction
toward the side and the middle of the body.
SUPERCIAL and DEEP– used to describe a position closer
and farther from the surface of the body
SUPINE and PRONE – use to denote if the body is facing
downward or upward.
 PLANES OF MOTION

FRONTAL PLANE – divides the body

into front and back parts or anterior
posterior.

SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the

body into right and left or medial-
lateral.

HORIZONTAL or TRANSVERSE
PLANE – divides the body upper and
lower part or superior and inferior.

Click link below for some

example movement for planes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SNnCr0-9AQ
 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
GUIDELINES FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: All students must participate and perform moderate to vigorous
activities from their respective community as part of their requirement in PATHFit 1. The teachers
can modify the activities for students with additional needs.
GUIDELINES:
1. All students must select moderate to vigorous physical activities available within their
community.
2. All students should perform their selected moderate to vigorous physical activities.
3. Students must wear appropriate attire in performing moderate to vigorous physical activities.
4. Students must observe safety precautions while performing physical activities.
5. Students must follow safety protocols implemented within their community (e.g., wearing
masks).
6. Students must document their participation within their community (e.g., taking pictures and
videos).
7. Students must complete the consent form provided by the professor.
8. Students must compile all the documentation from community participation and submit before
the end of the semester.
 Click the
word file for
waiver copy.
 ASSESSMENT 2

FUNCTIONAL CORE ASSESSMENT

Click the word file to answer the assessment.