VOYEURISTIC DISORDER

JESUS SALAS NADAL

VOYEURISM DISORDER
"Mercury and Herse",
Scene from The Loves of the
Gods.
By Gian Giacomo Caraglio
2
HISTORY
Voyeurs were well-paying hole-lookers in especially
Parisian brothels, a commercial innovation described as far
back as 1857 but not gaining much notoriety until the
1880s, and not attracting formal medical-forensic
recognition until the early 1890s.
It begins with an overview of the psychoanalytic
foundations of the term, paying particular attention to the
ways Freudian theory helped shape clinical definitions of
voyeurism in American psychiatry in the mid-twentieth
century. Subsequently, it follows popular and psychiatric
concepts of voyeurism through the 1970s and 1980s,
leading to current TV programs and internet sites, and
definitions of voyeurism in present-day academic
VOYEURISM DISORDER PARAPHILIC DISORDER
It’s a paraphilia that’s
currently causing distress or
impairment to the individual
whose satisfaction has
entailed harm or risk to itself
and/or others.
Paraphilia It’s a necessary but not
sufficient condition for having
Paraphilic Disorder.
Paraphilia by itself does not
necessarily justify or require
3 clinical intervention.
DSM
V
Voyeuristic Disorder (302.82 P. 686).
Exhibitionistic Disorder (302.4 P. 689).
Frotteuristic Disorder (302.89 P. 691).
Sexual Masochism Disorder (302.83 P. 694).
Sexual Sadism Disorder (302.84 P. 695).
Pedophilic Disorder (302.2 P. 697).
Fetishistic Disorder (302.81 P. 700).
Transvestic Disorder (302.3 P. 702).
Other Specified Paraphilic Disorder (302.89 P.
705).
Unspecified Paraphilic Disorder (302.9 P. 705).
VOYEURISM DISORDER
VOYEURISM
Mental Disorder Paraphilia
(Mental Illness or
Psychiatric Disorder)
A condition characterized
A pattern that causes by abnormal sexual
significant distress or desires, typically
impairment of personal involving extreme or
functioning. dangerous activities.

How the subject’s life have been impacted from this

impulse?
4 How have he/she exploded him/her self to this?
(Looking answers like: How often? And Risks.
 DIAGNOSTIC
VOYEURISM DISORDER
CRITERIA DSM
V:
Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal
from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of
disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as manifested by fantasies, urges,
or behaviors.

The individual has acted on these sexual urges with a nonconsenting

person, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause clinically significant distress or
impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

The individual experiencing the arousal and/or acting on the urges is at least
18 years of age.

5
The individual has not acted on the urges with a nonconsenting person, and there has
been no distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning,
for at least 5 years while in an uncontrolled environment.
VOYEURISM DISORDER
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES
Report stress or psychological problems
Diagnose
because of their voyeuristic sexual
d
preferences.
If there isn’t evidence of distress and its not Having Voyeuristic
impacting in other areas of functioning and Interest but not be
the psychological and legal histories diagnosed with a disorder
indicate that they don’t act on it.

Voyeuristic acts are the most common of potentially law-breaking

sexual behaviors. The population prevalence of voyeuristic disorder is
unknown. However, based on voyeuristic sexual acts in nonclinical
samples, the highest possible lifetime prevalence for voyeuristic
disorder is approximately 12% in males and 4% in females.
6
VOYEURISM DISORDER
LEGAL REPERCUSSIONS
FEDERAL CRIME OF VIDEO
VOYEURISM - 18 U.S. CODE §
1801 18 U.S.C. 1801 says, “whoever, in the territorial jurisdiction of the
United States, has the intent to capture an image of a private area
of someone without their consent, and knowingly does so under
circumstances in which they have a reasonable expectation of
THIS IS THE “VIDEO privacy, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than
VOYEURISM” LAW THAT one year, or both.”

MAKES IT A FEDERAL CRIME

TO KNOWINGLY AND
It's considered a federal misdemeanor
INTENTIONALLY TAKE AN offense, and if you are convicted of
this crime, you face up to one year in
IMAGE OF A PRIVATE AREA federal prison per offense, plus
OF SOMEONE WITHOUT potentially substantial fines.

7 THEIR CONSENT AND UNDER

CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH
 PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY
VOYEURISM DISORDER

For this case (Frontier Airlines pilot Vernon Dwayne Crider, 55) the Psychodynamic
Perspective was chosen because:

The behavior is directed by forces within one’s personality that are often hidden or
unconscious. Crider it’s 55 years old, acted on his impulses and had his same behavior for a long
time.

The psychological perspective views behavior as the result of psychological processes within
each person. This view continues to emphasize scientific observation, just as the early
But at the same
psychologists did.time the subject it’s a cumulate of things and experiences that would fit him
into more than just one Psychological Theory category. As a psychology student it is our
responsibility to have an Eclectic View.

Psychoanalytic theory proposes that voyeurism results from a failure to accept castration
anxiety and as a result of failure to identify with the father.

8 Biopsychological View Human and animal behavior is the result of internal physical,
chemical, and biological processes.
VOYEURISM DISORDER CASE
Frontier Airlines pilot Vernon Dwayne
Crider, 55

He was arrested for hiding a spy camera in the

bedroom window of a University of Central
Florida’s
He student.
was Charged by the cops after the hidden cam was
spotted by the 19-year-old in her window screen at The
Pointe at Central apartment complex on September 20th.

Police said the recovered “mini hidden spy pen camera”

had a SIM card with photos of what appeared to be an
airplane cockpit as well as a hotel room. A deleted image
that was recovered from the card also showed a legal
settlement with Crider’s signature,
9
VOYEURISM DISORDER
Crider cut a 1-inch hole into the victim’s window screen
PILOT VERNON to hide the spy camera, which recorded for more than
D W AY N E C R I D E R ,
55 two hours before it was discovered.

Reps for Frontier Airlines verified to UCF cops that

Crider had flown into Orlando International Airport
three days before the disturbing find. A photo provided
by the airline also matched a picture of Crider found on
the SIM card.
A spokeswoman for UCF police told The Post that
Crider was arrested on Oct. 5 in Missouri on charges
of burglary of an occupied dwelling and attempted

10
video voyeurism. He was transported to the Orange
County Jail last week before bonding out on Oct. 14.
VOYEURISM DISORDER STATISTICS AND
DEMOGRAPHICS
In this study, it was used 1113 participants
from the UK (46% men) to consider how
sociosexuality and sexual compulsivity
interacted to explain these sex differences
and whether this relationship extended to
the related domain of exhibitionism.
The participant’s age where in a range
from 17 to 70 years old. The vast majority
of the participants were recruited online,
with a small percentage (less than 5%)
11 recruited from Swansea University’s.
participant pool in exchange for course
The original target was to recruit 250 men and 250
women to allow for sex-specific relationships to be
explored. However, particularly effective snowball
sampling meant that they ended up with a sample that
greatly exceeded this.
 Heterosexual  Bisexual 12%  Homosexual
79% 7%
Sociosexuality: 9 Points test (1 to 4) Sociosexual
Orientation Inventory – Revised (SOI-R Penske &
Asendorph 2008).
Paraphillic repulsion: 40 Statements 7 Points (-3 to
+3) Paraphilia Scale (Seto en al., 2012)
Willingness to engage in Voyeuristic or
Exhibitionistic acts: Scenarios 7 points (-3 to +3)
VOYEURISM DISORDER
RESULTS Responses to the repulsion / Arousal

36.4% of the men

select -3 (must
unlikely) Vs
63.8% of the
women

63.6% of the men

select something
other than -3
(must likely) Vs
36.3% of the
women

12
VOYEURISM DISORDER

Willingness to commit an act

of voyeurism depending on the
level of risk involved.

Sex differences at low risk

are apparent on graphic a,
but disappear when
sociosexuality and sexual
compulsivity are included as
covariates on graphic b.

13
VOYEURISM DISORDER

SOLUTION
Cognitive behavioral therapy Emotional Development Therapy
(CBT)
Involves learning what feelings and
Social support
helps to become aware of emotions are, understanding how
inaccurate or negative thinking so and why they occur, recognizing
The provision of assistance or
the patient can view challenging your own feelings and those of
comfort to others, typically to help
situations more clearly and others, and developing effective
them cope with biological,
respond to them in a more ways for managing those feelings.
psychological, and social stressors.
effective way.
Exposure Therapy Relapse Prevention
Group Therapy
It was developed to help people Relapse tends to be a gradual
Can act as a support network and a confront their fears. When people process with three distinct stages:
sounding board. Other members of are fearful of something, they tend emotional, mental, and physical.
the group often help to come up to avoid the feared objects, This may consider the person’s
with specific ideas for improving a activities or situations. environment, level of motivation,
14 difficult situation or life challenge, severity of their addiction, co-
and hold the patients along the occurring medical and mental health
way. conditions, and other factors, too.
VOYEURISM DISORDER
CONCLUSION The psychologist have to evaluate the patient in order to
refer it to the neurologist in case that if its needed.

Voyeurism can developed as a disorder or a Following step, the neurologist it’s going to evaluate the
Paraphilia depending on the symptoms, patient’s physical health thought lab tests, Ct scans
behaviors and if the patient it’s s been acting and/or MRIs. At this point there’s two possible options:
or not on this urges, knowing that it can be
classify as a disorder or not.
Keep the treatment with Must probably the patient
At this point if the patient shows all the Cognitive Behavioral have an chemical
behaviors from the DSM V Criteria it is Therapy (CBT) and re- unbalance that have to be
recommended to start treatment with evaluation control with medicaments
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Group and CBT.
The treatment of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) must
Therapy, Social support, Exposure Therapy,
likely it will be once every two weeks for 2 moths and re-
Emotional Development Therapy and Relapse
evaluation to measure the progress and follow up from there
15
Prevention.
with possible exposure therapy.
VOYEURISM DISORDER
REFERENCES
American Psychological Association. (2017, July). What Is Exposure Therapy? Https://Www.apa.org.
https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/patients-and-families/exposure-therapy

Archive, V. A., Author, E. the, Twitter, F. on, & feed, G. author R. (2021, October 22). Frontier Airlines pilot
charged with hiding cam in college student’s window.
https://nypost.com/2021/10/22/frontier-airlines-pilot-charged-with-hiding-cam-in-college-students-
window/

Bennett, T. (2017, July 19). Voyeuristic Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments DSM-5 302.82 (F65.3) -
Thriveworks. Counseling and Life Coaching - Find a Counselor.
https://thriveworks.com/blog/voyeuristic-disorder/

DSM-5 TM. (n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2023, from

https://repository.poltekkes-kaltim.ac.id
/657/1/Diagnostic%20and%20statistical%20manual%20of%20mental%20disorders%20_%20DSM-5%20%28
%20PDFDrive.com%20%29.pdf

16
Generes, W. M. (2019). Prevention Techniques & Avoiding Relapse Triggers. American Addiction Centers.
https://americanaddictioncenters.org/rehab-guide/relapse-prevention
VOYEURISM DISORDER
REFERENCES
Mayo Clinic. (2019, March 16). Cognitive behavioral therapy. Mayoclinic.org; Mayo Clinic. https://
www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/about/pac-20384610

RedShelf Reader. (n.d.). Platform.virdocs.com. Retrieved September 15, 2023, from https://
platform.virdocs.com/read/1819189/54/#/4/4/2

Thomas, A. G., Stone, B., Bennett, P., Stewart-Williams, S., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2021). Sex Differences in
Voyeuristic and Exhibitionistic Interests: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Sociosexuality and Sexual
Compulsivity from an Evolutionary Perspective. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(5), 2151–2162. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01991-0

Voyeuristic Disorder. (2021, December 3). Psychology Blossom.

https://psychologyblossom.com/what-is-voyeuristic-disorder/

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 THANK YOU

JESUS SALAS NADAL

JESUS.SALASN@GMAIL.COM |J.SALASNADAL@STUDENT.KEISER
UNIVERSITY.EDU