DST CONCEPT

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 DST Concept
―Lecture Objectives.
By the end of this lecture , YOU should be able to :

―List the 4main DST components

―List the 3 main DST pressures
―List the 3 main DST types
―Describe the DST concept
 DST
― DEFINITION: Temporary completion using down hole tools to control
the WELL under dynamic reservoir conditions

― A reservoir test can only be performed under dynamic conditions.

This means the reservoir must be exposed to a disturbance that will
cause the reservoir pressure to change.

― This pressure change, when recorded and interpreted along with the
measured flowrates, will yield information about the reservoir
parameters and geometry
 Pressure Disturbance
―Pressure disturbance is created depends on whether
the reservoir is producing or shut down:

― Drawdown
― Buildup
― A pressure disturbance can also be created in a
flowing well by either increasing or decreasing the flow
rate
DST
― This can be achieved by :
― Flowing the well at several flow
rates using different choke sizes
(Fig. a)
― While measuring the stabilized
bottomhole pressure and
temperature with accurate
downhole gauges for each
corresponding choke (Fig. b).
DST Concept

The primary DST functions,

whether conducted in openhole
or cased wells, are to:

• Isolate the target zone.

• Control well flow.
• Convey fluid to surface.
• Acquire downhole data.
DST Concept
The 4 basic equipment for a drill stem
test consits of a string (tubing or
drillpipe), a packer, a Downhole and
Circulating valves.
1. The string channels the flow
to surface.
Circulating valve
2. The packer is a rubber
element to isolate the zone to
be tested.
3. Downhole valve provides a
method of controlling the well
near the reservoir.
4. circulating valve provides
communication between
annulus and tubing.
 DST Concept

Annulus pressure (Ph) Drill pipe or Tubing

Cushion pressure (Pc)

Casing
Formation pressure (Pf) Circulate/ Reverse Valve

Pc
P c < Pf < P h Tester Valve
Ph
Packer

P TCP guns
f
DST Concept
The Packer isolates the formation from the annulus,
the two pressures (Ph and Pf) must be isolated from
one another.

The Tester valve controls the formation.

- shut the well downhole to minimize wellbore
storage effect
- isolates annular fluid from cushion while RIH,
preventing U-tubing
-provides a seal for pressure test the string

After the packer is set and sealed, the test valve can
then be opened and hydrocarbons can be produced to
surface.
This will only occur if Pc < Ph
After perforated the casing with Wireline “over-balance”
RIH and Set Packer

Pressure & Temp Recorder

 Open Tester Valve

T
 Flow Well

T
 Shut In Well

T
 Open Circulating Valve

T Circulating Valve
 Reverse Out String Content

T
 Open the Tester Valve & Bullhead
“kill the tested interval”

T Circulating Valve closed first

Tester Valve is open
“Apply pressure in to annulus to open Tester
valve”
 Unset Packer

T
 POOH

T
 DST Concept
The general steps (no TCP) for starting a DST are:
1. W/L perforated “over-balance”

2. RIH DST with Tester valve closed,

filling up tubing with cushion.
Circulating

3. Set packer.

4. Open Tester valve (CM closed)

 DST Concept
The general steps for ending a DST are:
1. Open the reverse circulating valve and
“Reverse out” (flush hydrocarbons from
drillpipe or tubing).

Circulating 2. Close the reverse circulating valve.

3. Open the tester valve. “

4. Pump mud into test string to kill the

tested interval.

5. Unseat the packer.

6. Pull the string out of the hole (POOH)

DST Concept Basic operation:
• During the initial phase of the test, the wellbore
fluids, and, later, the drilling fluid (mud) that has
invaded the formation in the vicinity of the
wellbore flow to surface. This is known as the
cleanup period. Cleanup is complete when the well
effluent at surface is reservoir fluid that contains no
mud particles or cuttings at surface.
• Once cleanup is complete, the main flow period
can be maintained for the planned duration, during
which downhole pressure measurements and
surface flow rates are recorded. At the end of the
main flow period, the tester valve is closed.
Formation pressure builds up against the valve
while downhole pressure measurement continues.
DST Concept
Types of DST
 DST Concept
Well location & configuration
 DST Concept / PACKERS
PACKERS are designed to isolate the
perforated interval from the mud column. The
weight applied on the packer compress its
rubber elements against the casing and creates
a seal between the annulus and tubing.

Three main types of Packers

- FlexPac packer
- PosiTest packer
- Positrieve packer
 DST Concept / Tester Valves
Various types are used:
- MFE (Multi Flow Evaluator)
Operated by manipulation of the test string.
Applications: Only fixed rigs “Onshore and Jack-up rigs”
- PCT (Pressure Controlled Tester)
Operated by annulus (and tubing) pressure.
Application: Offshore, floating facilities, Only cased hole
- IRIS dual-valve tool (IRDV)
(IRIS= Intelligent Remote Implementation System)
Operated & Application as PCT
Tubing or drillpipe
Slip joints (2 or more)
Drill collars
DST
Redundant circulating valve
Concept
Drill collars Example of a DST / TCP
Circulating valve
string
RA marker
Drills collar
Surface readout
Downhole tester valve
Hydrostatic reference tool
Pressure recorders (2 or more)
Hydraulic jar
Safety joint
Packer
Slotted tailpipe
Debris sub
Tubing
Firing head
Safety spacer
Perforating gun
DST CONCEPT

The
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