TESTING & DRILLING

INTRODUCTION

A Streamlined Organization dedicated to Technology and Excellence in Execution

 Client questions: • What is the size of my reservoir?
• How much will it produce?
• What fluids are going to be
produce?

Aim of Well • Identification of produced fluids.

Testing:
• Determination of reservoir
deliverability.
• Data used to predict reservoir size
Well Testing determines Production
capabilities Well Testing determines
Reservoir properties

• Well testing is the only technique that examines a significant

portion of the reservoir under dynamic conditions.
• Accurate, long-term projections about a reservoir cannot be
made based on wireline and others static techniques..
• Tests on oil or gas wells are performed at various stages of
drilling (after open hole logging), completion and production,
and for different purposes.
Data acquired when a reservoir is tested:

• Flow rates ; oil, gas, water & solids

• Pressure and Temperature , surface & bottom hole
• PVT samples of representative reservoir fluids ,
surface and bottom hole
Fixed rigs

Jack up Land rig

Floating rigs

Semi-Submersible Drillship
Water Depth vs. Rig Types
3 categories of well:

Vertical

Deviated

Horizontal
Land
Rig
Rig Hoisting System
BOP stack
Location
All Fixed Rigs All Floating Rigs

Just Bellow Rig Floor

Sea level
Ground level

BOP stack
Sea bed
Blow Out Preventers

•Main Components
–Wellhead Connector
–Pipe Rams
–Shear Rams
–Blind Rams
–Annular Preventers
Tubular
s
Rig Circulating System
Drilling Fluids
•The drilling fluid is an essential part of the drilling and well control
system.
•It can be either water or oil based
•Mud is used to:
- Cool the bit
- Remove cuttings
- Lubricate the bit
- Provides a pressure to overcome that of the formation
- Makes a mud cake to seal permeable formation
- Operate down hole motor / turbine
Mud weights

•The mud density is kept at a level to overcome expected reservoir

pressures and keep the well at a positive “overpressure”.
•It should be not too heavy or it will crack the formation, resulting in
“lost circulation”
Casing

•Casings start large and

gradually become smaller
•Casing sizes are always given
as Outside Diameter
•The Inner Diameter depends
on the weight
Casing

Liner 5-1/2”
Cementin
g

•Cementing is used to fix the casing in place and provide

mechanical strength to the system.
•The most essential use of cementing is to seal one zone from
another.
•If the cement is found poor, a squeeze has to be made to repair
the deficit.
Logging

•Logging is a process of obtaining informations about the

formation after the well has been drilled.
•A sensor is lowered into the well on the end of an electrical
cable. This provides power and transmits the data to the surface
where it is presented in the form of a “graph” against depth.
- resistivity (high) logs show where the hydrocarbon
may be
- porosity logs show porous zones
- sonic and density logs give information about the rock
types
Testing and
Logging

Few logs are useful in Testing operations:

• Gamma ray – shows shale & clean zones, gives net & gross
pay
• Cement bond logs – shows how good the cement is
• Corrosion logs – shows possible problems inside & outside
casing
• Production logs – shows flow in the well
• CCL – shows the casing collars
 Life of a well

Drilled Cased Perforated Produced Workover

Recompleted
To look at the special animations:

•rotate.avi (rotary table)

•Wellinst (drilling a well)

The
END