SUMMARIZING

AND QUOTING
Presented by
 Halimatus Sa’adah (22506026)
 Yunita Ayu Riski (22506029)
 Mahmud Yusron (22506009)
QUOTING
 QUOTING
a. Definiton
Bringing the original words of a
writer/speaker into our work

Exactly reproducing someone’s words

A repetition of a sentence, phrase, or

passage from speech or text that someone
has said or written
 QUOTING
b. Important points
Introduced by a reference verb 3
Smith argues that.....................
Janovic claimed that..................

Question or exclamation mark

Using a comma or 2 Should be include in quotation
colon Example: As Sidney asks in The
Comma: introduce a Defence of Poesy, “What childe is
shorter quotation there, that comming to a play, and
Colon: longer and seeing Thebes written in great

1 multi-sentence
quotations (should be
letters upon an old Doore, doth
beleeve that it is Thebes?”
the last part of our
sentense)
 QUOTING
c. Kinds of quotation
1. Direct Quotation
In a direct quotation. another person's
exact words are repeated and are enclosed
in quotation marks

2. Indirect Quotation
In an indirect quotation. the speaker's words
are reported without quotation marks.
 Kinds of Quotation
Direct quotation
a. Reporting verbs and phrases
According to, claim, maintain, mention, report, say, state, Co
nt
suggest, write, etc en
ts
Here are some rules for using the reporting verbs and 0 1
phrases Co
- Reporting verbs can appear before. in the middle of, or after a nt
en
ts
quotation 0 2
e.g Dr.Karen said,” ______.”
Co
“______,”the doctor stated,” ______.” nt
en
“______,” declared the president of the IOC ts
0 3
- Reporting verbs can be used with or without the subordinator
as Co
nt
en
e.g As a spokesperson for the IOC suggested,” ______.” ts
0 4
A spokesperson for the IOC suggested,” ______.”
- Including the source of the quotation
According to a report published by the IOC,”______.”
 Kinds of Quotation
Direct quotation
b. Punctuating Direct Quotations
- Quotation marks are always used in pairs. Put quotation Co
nt
marks before and after the actual words quoted en
ts
- Place a comma between the reporting phrase and the 0 1
quotation.
Co
- Capitalize the first word of the quotation nt
en
- If you break a quotation into two parts, enclose both parts in ts
0 2
quotation marks and separate the parts with commas
Co
nt
en
ts
0 3

Co
nt
en
ts
0 4
 Kinds of Quotation
Direct quotation

- If you omit part of a direct quotation, use an ellipsis ( ...). Co

nt
en
ts
0 1

Co
- If you have a good reason to add words of your own to the nt
en
ts
original, put brackets [ ] around the words that you have added. 0 2

Co
nt
en
ts
0 3

Co
nt
en
ts
0 4
 Kinds of Quotation
Indirect quotation

- Co
Introduced by the same reporting verbs used for direct nt
en
ts
quotations, often with the added word that. 0 1

- Do not use quotation marks. Co

nt
en
ts
0 2

Co
nt
en
ts
0 3

Co
nt
en
ts
0 4
QUOTING
SUMMARIZING
 Summarizing

Summarizing is the process of

condensing the main ideas, key
Definition
points, and essential details of a
longer piece of text or content
into a shorter, more concise
version while retaining its core
meaning.

Summarizing aims to reduce

information to a suitable length,
Aim
allowing the writer to condense
lengthy sources into a concise
form.
01
Comprehension
Summaries help readers or listeners understand
the main ideas of a text without having to go
Purpose
through the entire content.

Efficiency
02 Summarizing saves time by offering a quick
overview, allowing individuals to decide if they
want to engage with the full content.

Study and research

03 Summaries are useful for reviewing and studying
large volumes of information, aiding in information
retention.

Communication
04 Summarizing is essential in conveying complex
ideas or findings in a clear and concise manner,
whether in written or oral communication.
 Stages of Summarizing
Read Carefully

Eliminate Redundancy
Identify Main Ideas

Organize the Summary

Highlight Key Details

Paraphrase Check for Accuracy

Edit and Revise

 Example

The discovery of a new vaccine

has offered hope in the fight Original Sentence
against a global pandemic,
providing a potential solution to
the ongoing health crisis.

A newly developed vaccine

Summarizing offers hope in the battle against

a global pandemic, serving as a
potential solution to the
ongoing health crisis.
 LET’S
PRACTICE
Let’s practice summarizing

Although harvesting cereal crops such as wheat and barley has been
done for many years by large machines known as combine harvesters,
mechanising the picking of fruit crops such as tomatoes or apples has
proved more difficult. Farmers have generally relied on human labour
to harvest these, but in wealthy countries it has become increasingly
difficult to find people willing to work for the wages farmers are able to
pay. This is partly because the demand for labour is seasonal, usually in
the autumn, and also because the work is hard. As a result, in areas such
as California part of the fruit harvest is often unpicked and left to rot.
1). Fruit crops have usually been picked by hand, as
it is difficult to mechanise the process. But in rich
countries it has become hard to find affordable
pickers at the right time, so fruit is often wasted.
Therefore, intelligent machines have been
developed that can overcome the technical problems
involved, and also provide farmers with useful data
about the plants.
2). Developing machines that can pick fruit such as tomatoes or
apples is a challenging task, due to the complexity of locating
ripe fruit in an unpredictable outdoor environment, where
difficult conditions can be produced by wind or water. But
recent developments in computing ability mean that growers can
now automate this process, which should save them money and
increase their profits.
3). Strawberries and grapes are the kind of crops that
have always been hand picked. But many farmers, for
example in California, now find it increasingly difficult
to attract enough pickers when the fruit is ripe. However,
computing advances have produced a solution to this
problem that will save farmers from worrying about the
pickers, and also collect vital data.
Direct quotation

He said, “The price is too high”

Indirect quotation

He said that the price was too high.

Direct quotation

He declared, “I am looking for intellectual women.”

Indirect quotation

..............................................................
Direct quotation

My father told me, “I want you to do your best.”

Indirect quotation

............................................
Direct quotation

...........................................

Indirect quotation

The teacher told us we could take another test to try to

improve our grades.
Study the following paragraph from an article titled ‘The mobile revolution’ in
the journal Development Quarterly (Issue 34, pages 85–97, 2012) by K.
Hoffman.

According to recent estimates there are at least 4 billion mobile phones in the
world, and the majority of these are owned by people in the developing world.
Ownership in the developed world reached saturation level by 2007, so
countries such as China, India and Brazil now account for most of the growth.
In the poorest countries, with weak transport networks and unreliable postal
services, access to telecommunications is a vital tool for starting or
developing a business, since it provides access to wider markets. Studies have
shown that when household incomes rise, more money is spent on mobile
phones than any other item.
Summarizing

Hoffman (2012) points out that the main market for mobile phones is now
the developing world, and stresses the critical importance of mobile
phones for the growth of small businesses there.

Quotation

According to Hoffman, “mobile phone ownership compensates for the

weaknesses of infrastructure in the developing world: ‘In the poorest
countries, with weak transport networks and unreliable postal services,
access to telecommunications is a vital tool for starting or developing a
business, since it provides access to wider markets’’ (2012: 87).
 Oshima, Alice dan Hogue. 1998. Academic
Writing. Longman.

Bailey, Stephen. 2015. Academic writing : a

handbook for international students (Ed.
4). New York: Routledge.

Wilson , Jeffrey R. 2022. Academic Writing.

References
THANK
YOU