VOIP, MSAN AND NGN

PHIL LOMBOY
 INTERNET PROTOCOL
 The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol
in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network
boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and
essentially establishes the Internet
 INTERNET PROTOCOL
 IP, as the primary protocol in the
Internet layer of the Internet
protocol suite, has the task of
delivering packets from the
source host to the destination
host solely based on the IP
addresses in the packet headers.
For this purpose, IP defines
packet structures that
encapsulate the data to be
delivered. It also defines
addressing methods that are used
to label the datagram with source
and destination information.
 INTERNET PROTOCOL
 Historically, IP was the connectionless datagram service in the
original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and
Bob Kahn in 1974; the other being the connection-oriented
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The Internet protocol suite is
therefore often referred to as TCP/IP.
 INTERNET PROTOCOL
 The Internet Protocol is responsible for addressing hosts and for
routing datagrams (packets) from a source host to a destination host
across one or more IP networks.

 For this purpose, the Internet Protocol defines the format of packets
and provides an addressing system that has two functions:
◦ identifying hosts; and
◦ providing a logical location service
 INTERNET PROTOCOL
 Each datagram has two components: a header and a payload.
◦ The IP header is tagged with the source IP address, the destination IP
address, and other meta-data needed to route and deliver the datagram.
◦ The payload is the data that is transported. This method of nesting the
data payload in a packet with a header is called encapsulation.
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP,
Voice over IP) is a general term
for a family of methodologies,
communication protocols, and
transmission technologies for
delivery of voice communications
and multimedia sessions over
Internet Protocol (IP) networks,
such as the Internet. Other terms
frequently encountered and
synonymous with VoIP are IP
telephony, Internet telephony,
voice over broadband (VoBB),
broadband telephony, and
broadband phone.
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
 VoIP, or Voice over Internet
Protocol, is a method for
taking analog audio signals,
like the kind you hear when
you talk on the phone, and
turning them into digital data
that can be transmitted over
the Internet.

 VoIP can turn a standard

Internet connection into a way
to place free phone calls.
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
 There are three different "flavors" of VoIP service in common use
today:
 ATA -- The simplest and most common way is through the use of a
device called an ATA (analog telephone adaptor). The ATA allows you
to connect a standard phone to your computer or your Internet
connection for use with VoIP. The ATA is an analog-to-digital
converter. It takes the analog signal from your traditional phone and
converts it into digital data for transmission over the Internet.
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
 IP Phones -- These specialized phones look just like normal phones
with a handset, cradle and buttons. But instead of having the
standard RJ-11 phone connectors, IP phones have an RJ-45 Ethernet
connector. IP phones connect directly to your router and have all the
hardware and software necessary right onboard to handle the IP call.
Wi-Fi phones allow subscribing callers to make VoIP calls from any
Wi-Fi hot spot.
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
 Computer-to-computer -- This is certainly the easiest way to use
VoIP. You don't even have to pay for long-distance calls. There are
several companies offering free or very low-cost software that you
can use for this type of VoIP. All you need is the software, a
microphone, speakers, a sound card and an Internet connection,
preferably a fast one like you would get through a cable or DSL
modem. Except for your normal monthly ISP fee, there is usually no
charge for computer-to-computer calls, no matter the distance.
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
 Vocaltec developed the first Internet Telephony application just a few
years ago. It let two multimedia PCs (microphone, speaker, sound
card, modem or Network Interface Card) serve as a kind of telephone.
This new kind of telephone required an Internet network connection
instead of the traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
This PC to PC Internet Telephony let people communicate cheaply (no
per minute charges). However, these early systems were not as
convenient or of the same sound quality as conventional telephone
calls. Many of these issues are being resolved with newer technology
and the use of private networks with stricter Quality of Service (QoS)
controls.

PC to PC
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
 The next step allowed one person to use a multimedia PC as a IP
based telephone (either connected to a LAN or to an Internet Service
Provider via a modem) to dial a person with a conventional telephone.
This involved the an Internet Telephony Gateway to be in the
geographical region of the person with the conventional telephone.
This gateway translates the conventional telephone voice
transmission to an IP Telephony format.

PC to Telephone
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
 The most recent step in the development of IP Telephony services is
the placement of gateways in multiple geographic areas. This
removes the need of a PC on either end of a conversation. The use of
private networks instead of the public Internet as well as specialized
equipment to reduce some of the sound quality problems associated
with IP Telephony makes telephone-to-telephone communications a
viable alternative to traditional telephone calls.

Telephone to Telephone
 MULTI-SERVICE ACCESS NODE
(MSAN)
 also known as a Multi-Service
Access Gateway (MSAG), is a
device typically installed in a
telephone exchange
(although sometimes in a
roadside serving area
interface cabinet) which
connects customers'
telephone lines to the core
network, to provide
telephone, ISDN and
broadband such as DSL, all
from a single platform.
MULTI-SERVICE ACCESS NODE

A typical outdoor
MSAN cabinet
consists of
narrowband (POTS),
broadband (xDSL)
services, batteries
with rectifiers, optical
transmission unit and
copper distribution
frame.
MULTI-SERVICE ACCESS NODE
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 body of key architectural
changes in telecommunication
core and access networks.

 The general idea behind the

NGN is that one network
transports all information and
services (voice, data, and all
sorts of media such as video)
by encapsulating these into
packets, similar to those used
on the Internet.
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 NGNs are commonly built around the Internet Protocol, and
therefore the term all IP is also sometimes used to describe the
transformation of formerly telephone-centric networks toward NGN.
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 NGN Main Architectural
Changes:

 In the core network,

NGN implies a
consolidation of several
(dedicated or overlay)
transport networks
each historically built
for a different service
into one core transport
network (often based
on IP and Ethernet).
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK

 In the core network, NGN

implies amongst others the
migration of voice from a
circuit-switched architecture
(PSTN) to VoIP, and also
migration of legacy services
such as X.25, frame relay
(either commercial migration
of the customer to a new
service like IP VPN, or
technical emigration by
emulation of the "legacy
service" on the NGN).
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 In the wired access network,
NGN implies the migration
from the dual system of
legacy voice next to xDSL
setup in local exchanges to a
converged setup in which the
DSLAMs integrate voice ports
or VoIP, making it possible to
remove the voice switching
infrastructure from the
exchange.
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 In the cable access network, NGN convergence implies migration
of constant bit rate voice to CableLabs PacketCable standards that
provide VoIP and SIP services.
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 Next-generation networks are based
on Internet technologies including
Internet Protocol (IP) and
multiprotocol label switching (MPLS).
At the application level, Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) seems to be
taking over from ITU-T H.323.

 Initially H.323 was the most popular

protocol, though its popularity
decreased in the "local loop" due to
its original poor traversal of network
address translation(NAT) and
firewalls.
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 For this reason as domestic VoIP services have been developed, SIP
has been more widely adopted. However in voice networks where
everything is under the control of the network operator or telco,
many of the largest carriers use H.323 as the protocol of choice in
their core backbones.

 With the most recent changes introduced for H.323, it is now

possible for H.323 devices to easily and consistently traverse NAT
and firewall devices, opening up the possibility that H.323 may again
be looked upon more favorably in cases where such devices
encumbered its use previously.
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 For voice applications one of the most important devices in NGN is a
Softswitch – a programmable device that controls Voice over IP (VoIP) calls. It
enables correct integration of different protocols within NGN. The most
important function of the Softswitch is creating the interface to the existing
telephone network, PSTN, through Signalling Gateways and Media Gateways.
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
 NGN LAYERS
 The access layer provides the
infrastructure, i.e. the access network,
between the end-user and the
transport network.
 The transport layer provides transport
between network nodes to which the
access networks are connected.
 The control layer is responsible for
the control of communication
sessions, e.g. establishing or
disconnecting voice etc..
 The service layer offers elementary
service functions that can be used by
service providers to build more
complex or comprehensive
NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
END