Pregrado

Psychosocial problems in the child

and youth population

Mag. Andrés Reyes

 Intervention in Psychosocial Problems Escuela de Psicología

SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES
Plans, executes and evaluates psychological promotion and prevention programs centered on
personal, family and community levels aimed at achieving psychological welfare, showing
respect for individuality and interculturality according to current norms. Designs and executes
programs and strategies of psychological intervention aimed at optimizing behavior which
emerges in the various contexts of human activity under a framework of tolerance and
respect.

LEARNING OUTCOME
Designs a social development project of a regional psychosocial problem, implemented on the
basis of a situational diagnosis, considering national and international current objectives.

EVIDENCE OF LEARNING:
Performs a descriptive analysis of psychosocial problems in the infant and adolescent
 Mental health problems in children and adolescents

• Mental health problems in children and adolescents have a

high and varied incidence both in Peru (Specialized Institute
of Mental Health, 2002; National Institute of Mental Health
“Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi”, [INSM HD-HN], 2007) , as
well as at the global level (United Nations Children's Fund,
2021).
• A report from the United Nations Children's Fund (2020)
highlights that adolescents and young people deserve special
attention, not only because mental health conditions develop
in this period of life, but also because of the negative
perception that they can develop about their future.
 INFANT
DEVELOPMENT
Early childhood corresponds to the breastfeeding
stage, from 0 to 3 years, attachment to parents and
others is formed, the infant develops self-
Psychosocial guidance at this stage of development
awareness, changes from dependence to autonomy is based on maternal attachment in the child.
occur, and interest in other children increases, in Regarding care, it is necessary to guide the parents
the psychosocial aspect. Regarding cognitive
or caregivers of the infant; we work together with
development, the use of symbols and words are
Nutrition to promote breastfeeding.
present, thinking is egocentric, focused on itself,
and the child usually begins the preschool
experience with other children (Feeldman, 2012).
 INFANT
DEVELOPMENT
In second childhood, from 3 to 6 years old, the
child's self-concept and emotional
In general, the topics that are addressed and
presented at this stage are: Management of
understanding become more complex, self-
emotions, tantrums and tantrums, impulsivity,
esteem is global, independence, initiative and
fears and nightmares, and separation anxiety,
self-control increase, gender identity develops,
which are intervened through the
The family is the center of social life but other
psychotherapeutic method of the child and his
children and contact with them become
environment, such as workshops.
important, and it is common; aggression, fear
psychoeducational and school for parents.
and altruism at certain levels (Feeldman,
2012).
 INFANT
DEVELOPMENT
Third childhood is the population with the
highest frequency rate with 45.7%, the age
range is from 6 to 11 years of age, at this stage
the self-concept becomes more complex and
self-esteem increases, peers and friends acquire
a role of vital importance and adapting to the
environment is a role considered crucial at this
stage of development (Feeldman, 2012)
What generates the most affection is not feeling
adapted to the environment, psychosocial
anguish as a risk and pressure factor,
combined with stress, social ties, losses,
grieving processes such as separation from
friends, parents or family. Children do not know
how to deal with it, emotional instability and a
feeling of emptiness. Timely psychological
intervention and the support of the close social
circle plays a leading role in the search for
health and the correct development of the boy
or girl.
 ADOLESCENT
DEVELOPMENT
Adolescence occurs from the age of 11until the
adolescent reaches majority age, 18 years. In this
stage the ability to think in abstract terms and use
scientific reasoning, thinking immature persists in
attitudes and behaviors, the search for the sexual
development and personal identity, and the group
of peers, companions, takes on great importance
and both positive and negative influence
(Feeldman, 2012).
Adolescents have risk factors, such as emotional
and physical abuse, school bullying, abuse,
abandonment, separated parent homes or they
have to fulfill the role of caregiver for their
brothers, while they study, so they have developed
certain pathologies due to anxiety psychosocial
combined with other risk factors: suicidal ideation,
depression, anxiety and aggressiveness, which will
develop more forward, with its statistical
parameters by frequency and population
percentage
 Main risks in childhood and
4. Sects and
adolescence
1. Gender violence 2. Bullying 3. Suicide fanaticism
• It is necessary to
5. Child-to-parent
violence
• It is a public • What type of • Suicide • Child-to-parent
health problem problem is prevention is an generate a violence (CPV)
that must be bullying? integral part of coherent has been defined
addressed • Depression and the WHO's discourse, based as an act
through early proposed plan to on values and committed by a
anxiety, increased
education and reduce the virtues, which child to
feelings of
also through suicide rate in are transmitted intentionally
sadness and
politics. We countries by 10% in a pedagogical cause physical,
loneliness,
must educate by 2020. way through psychological or
changes in eating
from all areas in • The more the same economic pain,
and sleeping
the capacity for means in which or to gain control
patterns, and loss planned the
adaptation, the contagion and power over a
of interest in suicidal idea is,
flexibility, and spreads. parent.
activities you the greater the
cognitive and Psychological,
used to enjoy. risk and
emotional sociological,
therefore the
restructuring. anthropological
quicker we must
act. antibodies are
needed.
 Main risks in childhood and
adolescence
6. Drugs 7. New technologies
• Using drugs during • Sometimes adolescents • Compulsive gambling
youth can interfere manage the Internet
with brain better than their
parents, so they are no
development
longer the reference
processes. It can also point, and adults are
affect decision
replaced by the Internet
making. as a source of
information and
transmission of values.
8. Gambling addiction 9. Anorexia & bulimia
• Risk factors for
in adolescents can anorexia and bulimia
have serious social, include: Being more
concerned or paying
emotional, academic
more attention to
and financial
consequences. This is weight and body
shape. Having an
because problem
gambling is a anxiety disorder in
compulsive gambling childhood. Have a
disease characterized negative image of
by anxiety, lack of yourself.
impulse control, and
the inability to stop
gambling.
 Mental health in
the adolescent
• In the world, one in seven young people aged 10 to 19
suffers from a mental disorder, a type of disorder that
accounts for 13% of the global burden of morbidity in that
age group.

• Depression, anxiety and behavioral disorders are among

the leading causes of illness and disability among
adolescents.

• Suicide is the fourth cause of death among young people

between 15 and 29 years old.

• Failure to address mental health disorders in adolescents

has consequences that extend into adulthood, harming a
person's physical and mental health and restricting their
ability to lead a fulfilling life in the future.
RISK
BEHAVIOR
Substance use or risky sexual practices
begin during adolescence. Risk
behaviors can be a useless strategy for
coping with emotional difficulties and
can have very negative effects on the
adolescent's mental and physical well-
being.
Worldwide, the prevalence of heavy
drinking episodes among adolescents
aged 15 to 19 years was 13.6% in
2016; the highest risk corresponded to
men.
The commission of violent acts is a
risky behavior that can increase the
chances that a person will have poor
educational achievement, suffer
injuries, participate in crimes, or
die.
Interpersonal violence was ranked in
2019 as one of the leading causes of
death among older adolescents.
Toba co and cannabis use are
c
additional problems. Many adult
smokers consume their first cigarette
before the age of 18. Cannabis is the
drug most used by adolescents: in
2018, around 4.7% of people aged
15 to 16 used it at least once.
 Intervention in
Escuela de Psicología psychosocial
problems

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Scielo (2019). Problemas de comportamiento y competencias psicosociales en niños y

adolescentes institucionalizados
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1657-
92672013000300012
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2021). Salud Mental en el adolescente https
://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health