S

Motion
A body or object is said to be in motion when it is observed moving or changing
position relative to a fixed reference as time passes.

Reference coordinate system

Rectilinear: along a straight line

Circular: along a circle
Curvilinear along a curve

Distance (d): How far an object travels. Does not depend on direction

Displacement (d): Difference between an object’s final position and its starting
position. Does depend on direction.

Displacement = final position – initial position

d = dfinal – dinitial
Speed (s): – Rate at which an object is moving.
speed = distance / time
s = d/t
Like distance, speed does not depend on direction.

Velocity (v):– speed with direction.

velocity = displacement / time
v = d / t
Has magnitude and direction!
Magnitude – a measurement that has a value.
Acceleration(a):is a vector which shows the direction and magnitude of changes in
velocity.
Instantaneous acceleration is the rate and direction at which the velocity of an
object is changing at one particular moment.
 POSITION
A particle moving along a straight line is said to be in rectilinear motion.
At any given instant t, the particle will occupy a certain position on the
straight line.
To define the position P of the particle, we choose a fixed origin O on the
straight line and a positive direction along the line.
We measure the distance s from O to P and record it a plus or minus sign,
according to whether P is reached from O by moving along the line in the
positive or the negative direction.
 DISPLACEMENT

The displacement of the particle is defined as the change in its position.

For example, if the particle moves from P to Pʹ, the displacement is
 VELOCITY
If the particle moves through a displacement Δs during the time interval Δt,
the average velocity of the particle during this time interval is
 ACCELERATION
Provided the velocity of the particle is known at the two points P and Pʹ, the
average acceleration of the particle during the time interval Δt is defined as
  (t2  2t)ft/s
When t  0, s 
0When t  4s, Position Acceleration  ?
?

ds
v
dt
 ds  vdt
a s
When t  0, s  0, v  0
When s  16m, Velocity  ? time
?
Example 3:

  (3t2  2t)ft/s
When t  0, s 
0 Acceleration  ?
When t  3s,
  (3t2  2t)ft/s
When t  0, s 
0
When t  3s, Position Acceleration  ?
?
Remember that these equations are useful only when the acceleration is
constant and the first two equations are applicable only to a case where
intial time = 0 .
A typical example of constant accelerated motion occurs when a body falls
freely toward the earth. If air resistance is neglected and the distance of fall
is short, then the downward acceleration of the body when it is close to the
earth is constant and approximately 9.81 m/S2 or 32.2 ft/S2.
It should be realized that the ball is subjected to a deceleration from position-0 to position-
1 of 9.81 m/s2, and then from position-1 to position-2 it is accelerated at this rate.

Furthermore, even though the ball momentarily comes to rest at position-1 (V1 = 0) the
acceleration at 1 is still 9.81 m/S2 downward.
 S1  ?

CONSTANT ACCELERATION EQUATIONS:

Example:

vA  75m / s
vB  0
c 
a9.8m /s 2

vC  ?
SB  ?
Why is acceleration due to gravity negative?

If up is positive, and gravity points down, then (acceleration due to gravity) would
be downwards, so it will have a negative magnitude. Whether the upward direction
will be taken as positive & the downward direction as negative or vice versa simply
depends upon you.

V
m 0
s

V
m
2
s

V
m 4
m
V  6  8  2
s s
V V  8 10  2
6 m
m
s
s
V
 Problems Suggested

2/2,3,5,9,13,14,15,18,35

Sample Problem: 2/2

Thank You.