VITAMIN B1

PRESENTED BY:-

ANJISHA TUDU (05)

ANUPAM LAKRA(06)
APARNA PARASHAR(07)

(1ST YEAR MBBS ,SNNMCH

DHANBAD)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:-
CLASSIFICATION
WHAT ARE VITAMINS?
B COMPLEX GROUP OF VITAMINS
STRUCTURE OF THIAMINE
PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF THIAMINE
DEFICIENCY MANIFESTATIONS
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
SOURCES
RECCOMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE
WHAT ARE VITAMINS?
VITAMINS MAY BE DEFINED AS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OCCURRING IN SMALL
QUANTITIES IN DIFFERENT
NATURAL FOODS AND
NESSESARY FOR GROWTH
AND MAINTENANCE OF
GOOD HEALTH.
CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS:-
 B COMPLEX GROUP OF VITAMINS

NOT CHEMICALLY RELATED TO EACH

OTHER.

THESE ARE MAINLY INVOLVED IN

INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM AS
COENZYME.
MOST OF THE B COMPLEX
VITAMINS ARE NEEDED AT
DIFFERENT STEP OF TCA CYCLE.

NOTE – DEFICIENCY OF B COMPLEX VITAMINS CAN THEREFORE MAINLY AFFECTS ENERGY GENERATION IN THE BODY.
THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1)

ANEURINE
EARLIER ALSO (AS IT CAN ANTIBERIBERI
CALLED AS : RELEIVE FACTOR
NEURITIS)
 STRUCTURE OF THIAMINE
 CONTAINS A SUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINE RING
CONNECTED TO A SUBSTITUTED THIAZOLE
RING BY MEANS OF METHYLENE BRIDGES.
 THE ACTIVE COENZYME FORM OF THIAMINE
IS THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE(TPP).
 IT IS COVERTED BY ADDITION OF TWO
PHOSPHATE GROUPS WITH HELP OF ATP AND IS
CATALYZED BY THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE
TRANSFERASE.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF
THIAMINE
 TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSE.
 TRANSKETOLASE REACTION
 ENERGY GENERATION AS
THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE IS ESSENTIAL FOR:
1.PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE
2.TRANSKETOLASE
3.ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE
PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE:-
 THE COENZYME FORM USED IS THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE(TPP).
 PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE CATALYZES THE CONVERSION OF PYRUVATE TO
ACETYL-CoA AND CARBON DIOXIDE.

COENZYME IS TPP
ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE:
TRANSKETOLASE:-
 MAIN ROLE OF THIAMINE IS IN CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM. HENCE ROLE OF THIAMINE INCRESES IN ALONG
WITH HIGHER INTAKE OF CARBOHYDRATE
 TRANSKETOLASE USES TPP AS COENZYME IN HEXOSE
MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT.
DEFICIENCY MANIFESTATIONS OF
THIAMIN:-

1. BERIBERI

2. WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF SYNDROME

3. POLYNEURITIS
 BERIBERI
• DEFICIENCY OF THIAMINE LEADS TO BERIBERI.
• IT MEANS “WEAKNESS”.
• EARLY SYMPTOMS ARE ANOREXIA,DYSPEPSIA,HEAVINESS AND
WEAKNESS.
TYPES OF BERIBERI:-
1)WET BERIBERI
2)DRY BERIBERI
3)INFANTILE BERIBERI
WET BERIBERI:-
• CARDIOVASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS ARE PROMINENT,DEATH OCCURS
DUE TO HEART FAILURE.
• PALPITATION,BREATHLESSNESS AND DISTENDED NECK VEINS ARE
OBSERVED.

EDEMA SEROUS
LEGS FACE TRUNK
OF: CAVITIES
DRY BERIBERI:-
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MANIFESTATION ARE MAJOR
FEATURE.
WALKING BECOMES DIFFICULT.
PERIPHERAL NEURITIS WITH SENSORY DISTURBANCES
LEADS TO COMPLETE PARALYSIS.
INFANTILE BERIBERI:-
• OCCURS IN INFANTE BORN TO MOTHERS WITH
THIAMINE DEFICIENCY.
• RESTLESSNESS AND SLEEPLESSNESS ARE OBSERVED
WERNICKES –
KORSAKOFF
SYNDROME:-
ONLY SEEN WHEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS IS SEVERLY AFFECTED.
PSYCOSIS.
ENCEPHALOPATHY (OPTHALMOPLEGIA,NYSTAGMUS,CEREBELLAR
ATAXIA)
 POLYNEURITIS:-
ALCOHOL INHIBITS
ALCOHOL UTILIZATION
COMMON IN CHRONIC INTESTINAL LEADING TO THIAMINE
NEEDS LARGE DOSES
ALCOHOLICS. ADSORPTION OF DEFICIENCY
OF THIAMINE.
THIAMINE

 POLYNEURITIS MAY ALSO BE ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY AND OLD

AGE.
 MAY ALSO CAUSE IMPAIRMENT OF CONVERSION OF PYRUVATE TO ACETY-
CoA LEADING TO INCREASED CONCENTRATION OF PYRUVATE AND LACTATE
HENCE RESULTING IN LACTIC ACIDOSIS.
 THIAMINE DEFICINECY IN MANIFESTED AS HORIZONTAL RIDGES IN NAILS.
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS:-
 BLOOD THIAMINE LEVEL IS REDUCED.
 PYRUVATE,ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE AND
LACTATE ARE INCREASED IN BLOOD.
 ERYTHROCYTE TRANSKETOLASE ACTIVITY IS
REDUCED.
 NOTE-THIAMINE IS THE DRUG USED
IN THE TREATMENT OF BERIBERI
AND POLYNEURITIS.
SOURCES OF THIAMINE:
 ALEURON LAYER OF CEREALS THEREFORE WHOLE WHEAT FLOUR AND
UNPOLISHED RICE.
 (WHEN GRAINS ARE POLISHED ALEURONE LAYER IS USUALLY REMOVED)
 YEAST IS ALSO A VERY GOOD SOURCE.
RECOMMENDED DAILY
ALLOWANCE OF
THIAMINE:-
DEPENDS ON CALORIE INTAKE (0.5mg/1000Cal)
REQUIREMENT IS AROUND 2-3 mg/Day.
FOR PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IT IS AROUND
3mg/Day.
•ALL THE REFRENCES ARE TAKEN
FROM TEXTBOOK OF
BIOCHEMISTRY BY DM
VASUDEVAN,SREEKUMARI
S.,KANNAN VAIDYANATHAN(10 TH

EDITION)
THANKYOU!