Lakshya NEET (2024)

PRACTICE TEST – 05

DURATION ::200
DURATION Minutes
90 Minutes DATE : 30/07/2023 M. MARKS : 720

ANSWER KEY

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY BOTANY ZOOLOGY

1. (3) 51. (2) 101. (4) 151. (4)
2. (4) 52. (2) 102. (4) 152. (4)
3. (4) 53. (3) 103. (2) 153. (2)
4. (2) 54. (1) 104. (4) 154. (2)
5. (3) 55. (3) 105. (4) 155. (3)
6. (4) 56. (4) 106. (2) 156. (2)
7. (1) 57. (2) 107. (3) 157. (2)
8. (4) 58. (1) 108. (3) 158. (4)
9. (1) 59. (1) 109. (4) 159. (4)
10. (4) 60. (3) 110. (4) 160. (4)
11. (2) 61. (3) 111. (3) 161. (4)
12. (1) 62. (3) 112. (1) 162. (3)
13. (2) 63. (1) 113. (4) 163. (3)
14. (1) 64. (3) 114. (3) 164. (3)
15. (4) 65. (1) 115. (2) 165. (4)
16. (3) 66. (2) 116. (2) 166. (2)
17. (2) 67. (3) 117. (4) 167. (4)
18. (4) 68. (3) 118. (1) 168. (2)
19. (4) 69. (1) 119. (2) 169. (1)
20. (2) 70. (3) 120. (4) 170. (3)
21. (2) 71. (2) 121. (1) 171. (3)
22. (2) 72. (2) 122. (2) 172. (4)
23. (4) 73. (1) 123. (4) 173. (4)
24. (1) 74. (3) 124. (3) 174. (1)
25. (3) 75. (1) 125. (4) 175. (4)
26. (3) 76. (3) 126. (2) 176. (4)
27. (4) 77. (4) 127. (3) 177. (4)
28. (2) 78. (2) 128. (1) 178. (3)
29. (3) 79. (2) 129. (2) 179. (4)
30. (4) 80. (3) 130. (3) 180. (2)
31. (1) 81. (1) 131. (1) 181. (1)
32. (2) 82. (4) 132. (1) 182. (3)
33. (3) 83. (3) 133. (2) 183. (3)
34. (3) 84. (1) 134. (1) 184. (4)
35. (1) 85. (4) 135. (4) 185. (2)
36. (2) 86. (2) 136. (2) 186. (1)
37. (1) 87. (2) 137. (2) 187. (1)
38. (2) 88. (1) 138. (1) 188. (3)
39. (3) 89. (4) 139. (3) 189. (3)
40. (4) 90. (4) 140. (2) 190. (2)
41. (1) 91. (1) 141. (1) 191. (3)
42. (4) 92. (3) 142. (3) 192. (4)
43. (4) 93. (2) 143. (4) 193. (4)
44. (1) 94. (3) 144. (1) 194. (2)
45. (2) 95 (4) 145. (3) 195. (4)
46. (1) 96. (4) 146. (4) 196. (1)
47. (1) 97. (2) 147. (2) 197. (2)
48. (4) 98. (4) 148. (2) 198. (4)
49. (4) 99. (1) 149. (3) 199. (4)
50. (2) 100. (3) 150. (1) 200. (2)

[1]
 SECTION – I (PHYSICS)
1. (3) 10. (4)
Since F is always perpendicular to velocity. F = ILB sin 
Hence speed remains constant. = 10 1 2 sin 30 = 10 N

2. (4) 11. (2)

For no deflection 0 i  i2
2 3 F = iB(dL) = i dL = 0 dL
= 2 L 2 L
4 2+ R
2+ R =6 12. (1)
R = 4Ω
13. (2)
mv⊥ mv sin 
3. (4) r= =
F =q E+vB ( ) qB qB

14. (1)
4. (2)
0 i  1 1 
Bcentre =  − 
4  R1 R2 
No current enclose by curve iin = 0
5. (3) So, B = 0
a 3a
inside the surface = from axis. 15. (4)
4 4 Force between two parallel sides is attractive.
 I  3a 
Ba = 0 2  
inside
4
2a  4  16. (3)
1
0 I vd  for i = constant
Ba = A
outside  5a 
4 2  
 4  17. (2)

6. (4)
lin = 0  B  dI = 0iin = 0

B = 0 nI 18. (4)
−7
B = 4 10  400  5 = 2.5 mT =
VAC IRAC
=
L L
7. (1)  L
I  
= 
 4 1  16 A
V = 4 =
 4 +1 5 L
I
 16  = V/m
v 5 8 A
I1 = =   = A
R1 2 5 19. (4)

8. (4) 20. (2)

 qv Net magnetic field at point ‘P’
B= 0  2
4 r Bnet = B1 + B2
v
So, r 2 
B
v
r
B

9. (1)
2mk Here B1 and B2 are equal in magnitude and
r=
Bq opposite in direction.
[2]
 Hence, Bnet = B1 − B2 =
 i  2 −   v1 = v2 ( Fm ⊥ v)
B1 = 0 1 
2R  2  2(  − ) m
T=
i    qB
B2 = 0 2  
2R  2 
Bnet = B1 − B2 = 0 31. (1)

21. (2)

22. (2)
0 I 0l
B= , when made n turns radius becomes r 
B=
4x cos30
sin 30 + sin 30
2r
0 I  1 1  0 i
r B=  + =
n  2r  = 2r  r  =  3   2 2  2 3x
n 4x  
0 nI  I  2 
Now, B = = n2 0 = n2 B
2r  2r
32. (2)
23. (4)
0 I  ˆ  0 I  ˆ  −0 I  ˆ ˆ  33. (3)
B=  −2 k  +  −i  =  i + 2 k  dQ
4R   4R   4R   I= = 5t 4 + 2
dt
24. (1)  i = 5 14 + 2
 i =7 A

34. (3)
eE ΔR 2Δl
Now, a0 = west = = 2  0.2 = 0.4%
m R I
ma
E = 0 west 35. (1)
e
Now, FB = m( 2a0 ) = ev0B 36. (2)
2ma0 For balanced Wheatstone bridge,
B=  R1 R3 2 Reff 1 1 1
ev0 = , = , Reff = 0.8Ω, = +
25. (3) R2 R4 10 4 0.8 4 R
On solving R = 1Ω
26. (3)
(
idliˆ  ( ajˆ + akˆ ) = ai kˆ − ˆj ) 37. (1)
R T
27. (4)

28. (2)
0 i i
B0 = [sin 53 − sin37] = 0 
4 r 20r
For A
V
29. (3) m = tan  = = RA
0 i I
B=
4 R
sin  + sin  RA = tan 
4 or TA  tan  ...(1)
sin  = and sin  = 1
5 For B
I 1
30. (4) tan = =
V RB
RB = cot
TB  cot

[3]
 TA tan  i1 = 1 A
then = = tan2
TB cot  P =3 W
38. (2)
 = I 44. (1)
 IR 
 =  AB   l
 L 
 5  9
=  2
 1 + 9  10
= 0.9 V
Rnet = 2 
39. (3)
For ideal voltmeter, resistance is infinite and for
the ideal ammeter, resistance is zero. 45. (2)
10 Let R be the resistance of each resistor.
V1 = i1 10 = 10 = 10 volt
10 R0 = 3R
V2 = i2 10 =
10
10 = 10 volt R be the resistance after closing switch.
10
7R
V1 = V2 R =
3
10 V
i1 = i2 = =1 A 7 R0 7 R0
10Ω R =  =
3 3 9
40. (4)
46. (1)

VA − VB = ( 2  2) + 3 + ( 2 1) 47. (1)

0 − 2 (1) + 12 − 1( R ) − 4 (1) = 0
= 4+3+ 2 = 9 V
6−R =0
41. (1) R = 6Ω
V2 48. (4)
P=
R
ΔP ΔV 49. (4)
=2 = 5%
P V Δq = Area ( I /t )
1
42. (4) Δq = 10  15 = 75C
2
75
iavg = = 5 A
15

50. (2)

36 = i 2 (9)
i2 = 4
i=2
2 6
=
i1 9
R
i1 = 3 RBC = R, RAB =
V2 = ( 5)( 2 ) = 10 V 4
R 5R
Reff = RAB + RBC = +R=
43. (4) 4 4
E 4E
i= =
Reff 5R
E
2 = i 2 8 VAB = iRAB =
5
1
i = A = 0.5 A 4E
2 VBC = iRBC =
0.5 4 5
= K AB : K BC = 1: 4
i1 8
[4]
 SECTION – II (CHEMISTRY)
51. (2) 61. (3)
   Swarts reaction is best method to obtain
CH2 = CH− CH2 fluorinated alkanes.
Allyl group - sp2 sp2 sp3

52. (2)
62. (3)
CH2 = CH2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯
HBr
Addition
→CH3 − CH2 Br ⎯⎯⎯⎯
Hydrolysis
→
(x)

CH3 CH2 OH ⎯⎯⎯⎯

→CHI3 I2 / NaOH

(y) (z)
53. (3)
I, IV & V are vinylic halides. 63. (1)
Halogen exchange to prepare R-I is called
54. (1) Finkelstein reaction.
1
Nucleophilicity (tendency to denote e–)  64. (3)
EN
2+
1 CH  CH ⎯⎯⎯⎯
Hg /HCl
→CH2 = CH − Cl
 Vinyl Chloride
stability
65. (1)
Nu → CN−  CH3 –O−  (EN:(C  O) Halogen exchange reaction is one halogen gets
change by another halogen.

66. (2)
Acidic
|

CH3 − Br ⎯⎯⎯
Mg
Ether
→ CH3MgBr ⎯⎯⎯⎯
→ CH4  C2 H5OH

(A) (B)

55. (3)
67. (3)
SN1 reactivity  stability of carbocation.
Organometallic compounds are chemical
compounds which contains at least one bond
56. (4) between a metallic element and a carbon atom
SN2 reaction is one step reaction without any belonging to an organic molecule.
intermediate being formed.
So, R − O Na is not organometallic compound.
57. (2)
68. (3)
After removing the Br–, we will see the stability of
Due to size of the halide ions.
carbocation.
69. (1)
58. (1) Elimination reaction will be done here.
In polar aprotic solvent, the strength of
nucleophile increases down the group. 70. (3)
We will use anhydrous Lewis acid here.
59. (1)
1 71. (2)
SN 2 reactivity  After elimination pi Bond forms generally.
Steric hinderence
60. (3) 72. (2)
Due to resonance, halides have partial double
bond character which makes them more stable and
less reactive.

[5]
73. (1) 84. (1)

Ortho and para directing. 85. (4)

Definition based question.

74. (3) 86. (2)

Given reaction is known as Wurtz-fittig reaction. 1
SN 2
Steric Hinderance
75. (1) RCH2X R 2CHX R3CX
For elimination Br and Hydrogen must be trans. 1 2 3

76. (3) 87. (2)

In the Gattermann reaction we use Cu/HCl reagent.

77. (4)
A meso compound is a stereoisomer with two or
more chiral centres but no optical activity due to an
internal plane of symmetry.

78. (2)
88. (1)
Regent based question.
CHCl3 + CH3COCH3 →
89. (4)

79. (2)

IUPAC name is 4-Bromo-2, 2-dichloropentane

90. (4)
80. (3)
Addition of HBr will take place here.
S 2
+ OH ⎯⎯⎯
N →

91. (1)
Bulky base like Et3CO–K+ favours Hoffman’s
product.

92. (3)
81. (1) Mg will insert in C – Br Bond.
3º carbocation is more favourable for SN1
93. (2)
reaction.
Grignard Reagent will do direct attack on the
carbonyl group.
82. (4)
The alkyl halides are highly reactive, the order of 94. (3)
reactivity is: Polar aprotic solvent increase the speed of SN2
Iodide > Bromide > Chloride (nature of the halogen reactions.
atom).
95 (4)
Due to partial double bond character,
83. (3)
chlorobenzene is less reactive than benzyl
Br chloride.
|
(2)NaNH2
Ph − CH − CH2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ + → Ph − C  CH
| −2H
Br −2Br −

X=3
96. (4) 99. (1)
Aryl halide will be more stable due to double Addition elimination reaction will be done here.
bond character.
100. (3)
97. (2) Achiral compound are superimposable, it can be
Nomenclature based question. superimposed on its mirror image.

98. (4)
SN2 reaction will be done here.

SECTION – III (BOTANY)

101. (4) 107. (3)
Both statement I and statement II are correct. The human females with only X chromosome in
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 54) their cells are sterile.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 76)
102. (4)
Mendel conducted breeding experiments on 108. (3)
garden pea by selecting seven pairs of contrasting A cross between two individuals, one with AB
characters. The seven pairs of contrasting blood group and other with a blood group A will
characters in pea plant were as follows produce four genotypes and three phenotypes.
Characters of pea plant Parents Male Female
Character Contrasting Trait Phenotype AB A
Dominant Recessive Genotype IAIB IAi
Stem height Tall Dwarf Gametes IA, IB IA, i
A B
Flower colour Violet White I I
A A B A B
Flower Axial Terminal I I I I I
position (A) (AB)
Pod shape Full Constricted i IAi IB i
Pod colour Green Yellow (A) (B)
Seed shape Round Wrinkled Offsprings Genotypes
Seed colour Yellow Green 4(IAIA, IAIB, IAi, IB i)
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 54) Phenotypes 3 (A, B, AB)
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 61)
103. (2)
Trichomes was not amongst the seven characters 109. (4)
of pea, which Mendel selected for his A gene shows codominance when both alleles in
hybridisation experiments. heterozygous condition, express their traits
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 54-55) independently instead of showing dominant-
recessive relationship. Such alleles are called
104. (4) codominant alleles.
Green seed colour was a recessive character in Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 61 to 62)
Mendel's experiment.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 54-55) 110. (4)
Autosomal
105. (4) recessive trait
Mendel considered one trait at a time for his A. Phenylketonuria iii.
associated with
experiments, this contributed a lot to his success. mental retardation
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 53-55)
Sterile females
Down's
B. i. with rudimentary
106. (2) syndrome
ovaries
Statement in option (2) is wrong statement with
Klinefelter's
reference to the gene 'I' that controls ABO blood C. ii. Gynaecomastia
syndrome
group because IA and IB are completely dominant
over IO, but when IA and IB are present together, Sterile females
Turner's
they both express their own types of sugar and D. iv.with rudimentary
syndrome
thus behaving as codominant alleles. ovaries
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 61) Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 75-76)
111. (3)
Option (3) is related with law of segregation of
Mendel.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 59)
112. (1)
In the given cross the ratio is 50 : 50 i.e. 1 : 1 of
yellow and green seeded plants in F1-generation.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 62-63)
113. (4)
Phenotype is the observable characteristics or the
total appearance of an organism. It is determined
by its genes, the relationships between the alleles
and by the interaction during development
between its genetic constitution (genotype) and
the environment.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 59)
114. (3)
Genes which are 'linked' and are situated on same
chromosome, cannot 'separate' during gametes
formation and hence, cannot assort independently.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 64, 67)
115. (2)
Frequency of recombination between gene pairs
on same chromosome as a measure of the distance
between genes to map their position on the
chromosome was used for the first time by Alfred
Sturtevant.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 67-68)
116. (2)
Statement B and E are correct whereas, A, C, D
are incorrect.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 76)
117. (4)
A broad palm with a single palm crease is a
common physical feature seen in individuals with
Down's syndrome.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 76)
118. (1)
Among the given options (1) is correct.
This symbol shows consanguineous mating
(marriage of blood relatives).
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 72)
119. (2)
Out of the given statements (2) is incorrect
because the tightly linked genes on chromosomes
shows 100% parental types and 0% recombinants.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 67-68)
120. (4)
Higher number of the parental types formed when
RRYY and rryy genotypes are hybridised giving
the condition that R and Y genes are closely
linked.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 62-68)
121. (1)
Human skin colour is controlled by polygenic
effect atleast by three separate genes.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 69)
122. (2)
The given responsible alleles are present on the
same chromosome in Drosophila according to
Morgan.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 67-68)
123. (4)
In the given question AaBb should be crossed
with aabb. Scientists perform test cross to find out
the different types of gametes or the genotype of
an unknown individual.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 58)
124. (3)
Genetic map is a diagram which shows the
relative position of genes on a chromosome.
Strutevant in 1911 prepared the first genetic map
of two chromosomes of fruit fly.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 67)
125. (4)
Out of 800 seeds, 9/16 will have round and yellow
9
seeds which is  800 = 450 seeds out of 800
16
seeds, 3/16 will have round green seeds which is
3
 800 = 150 seeds.
16
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 62-63)
126. (2) 136. (2)
Aa in this condition only dominant allele will A male honeybee has 16 chromosomes whereas
express itself. its female has 32 chromosomes.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 61) Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 71)

127. (3) 137. (2)

In the given pairs, option (3) is wrongly matched. Duplication is shown in the given representation.
Starch synthesis in pea is an example of Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 72)
pleiotropy.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 62) 138. (1)
A. 2n – 1 iv. Monosomic condition
128. (1) B. 2n – 2 ii. Nullisomic condition
Number of phenotype for polygenes = 2n + 1
C. 2n + 1 i. Trisomic condition
n = pair of polygenes
D. 2n + 2 iii. Tetrasomic condition
2×3+1=6+1=7 th
Class 12 NCERT (Page No. 72)
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 69)

129. (2) 139. (3)

The point mutations involve alternations in the Statement I, II and III are correct. Statement IV is
structure of gene by altering the structure of DNA, incorrect and can be corrected as
i.e. change in single base pair. Sickle-cell anaemia is an autosomal recessive
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 72) gene disorder in which sickle-shaped RBCs are
formed instead of normal ones.
130. (3) Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 73-76)
Two alleles of a gene pair are located on
homologous sites on homologous chromosomes. 140. (2)
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 64-67) Substitution of purine base with a pyrimidine base
or vice versa is called transversion.
131. (1) Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 72)
The chromosome compliments of egg and sperm
is (22 + XX) + (22 + Y) in Klinefelter's syndrome. 141. (1)
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 76) (iii) and (iv) represents recombinant type.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 67-68)
132. (1)
Both the statements are correct. 142. (3)
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 76, 71) Person affected with phenylketonuria lack an
enzyme that converts amino acid phenylalanine
133. (2) into tyrosine.
Sickle cell anaemia induces due to change of Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 75)
amino acid in -chain of haemoglobin.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 74-75) 143. (4)
Drosophila is suitable in experimental genetics
134. (1) because it produces hundreds of offspring in
I. Removal of anther B.
Emasculation single mating.
II. Laws of inheritance D. Mendel Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 67)
Human
III. Multiple allelism A.
blood group 144. (1)
Blood group In a given question 50% of offsprings would be
IV. Universal donor C.
O affected by this disorder because Down's
th
Class 12 NCERT (Page No. 55, 59-64) syndrome is the result of trisomy, in which
chromosome pair number 21st contains an extra
135. (4) copy of chromosome (2A + 1). Affected mother
0% AABB progeny is obtained in a Mendelian will produce 50% normal egg cells and rest 50%
dihybrid test cross. eggs are of abnormal type.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 58-63) Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 76)
145. (3)
Pleiotropic gene is related with disease
phenylketonuria. This manifests itself through
phenotypic expression characterised by mental
retardation and a reduction in hair and skin
pigmentation.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 69)
149. (3)
146. (4)
(i) Morgan
(ii) Linkage
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 67)
150. (1)
147. (2)
For a girl to be colourblind, the genotype of her
father should be XCY and of her mother either
XCX or XC XC, where XC represents colourblind
gene.
In the given options this is only possible when her
father and maternal grandfather were colour blind.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 73-74)
SECTION – IV (ZOOLOGY)
151. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 158
Heroin, commonly called smack is chemically
diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless,
bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by
acetylation of morphine.
152. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 157
In our body, cell growth and differentiation is
highly controlled and regulated. In cancer cells,
there is breakdown of these regulatory
155. (3)
mechanisms. Normal cells show a property called
contact inhibition by virtue of which contact with
other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth.
Cancer cells appears to have lost this property. As
a result of this, cancerous cells just continue to
divide giving rise to masses of cells called tumors.
153. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 151
Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called
interferons which protect non-infected cells from
further viral infection.
154. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 159
• Heroin is commonly called as smack which is
an opioid.
148. (2)
I. Nondisjunction D. Aneuploidy
II. Mendel A. Pea
III. Morgan B. Drosophila
IV. Set of chromosomes C. Genome
th
Class 12 NCERT (Page No. 75, 67, 54, 56)
Gene controlling starch synthesis is not related
with co-dominance.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 61, 60, 69)
Both Assertion and Reason are true and the
Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Class 12th NCERT (Page No. 61)
• Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the
inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa.
The flower tops, leaves and the resin of
cannabis plant are used in various
combinations to produce marijuana, hashish,
charas and ganja. Generally taken by
inhalation and oral ingestion, these are known
for their effects on cardiovascular system of
the body.
• Cocaine is commonly called as coke.
NCERT 12th Page 157
• Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays),
CT (computed tomography) and MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful
to detect cancers of the internal organs.
Computed tomography uses X-rays to
generate a three-dimensional image of the
internals of an object.
• MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non-
ionising radiations to accurately detect
pathological and physiological changes in the
living tissue.
• PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) is used for
early detection of several diseases.
• Histopathological studies include study of
tissues.
156. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 159
Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines,
benzodiazepines, and other similar drugs, that are
normally used as medicines to help patients cope
with mental illnesses like depression and
insomnia.
157. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 152
Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the
production of antigenic polypeptides of pathogen
in bacteria or yeast. Vaccines produced using this
approach allow large scale production and hence
greater availability for immunisation, e.g.,
hepatitis B vaccine produced from yeast.
158. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 146
A wide range of organisms belonging to bacteria,
viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths, etc., could
cause diseases in man. Such disease causing
organisms are called pathogens. Most parasites
are therefore pathogens as they cause harm to the
host by living in (or on) them. The pathogens can
enter our body by various means, multiply and
interfere with normal vital activities, resulting in
morphological and functional damage.
159. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 148
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite in
the large intestine of human which causes
amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery). Symptoms of
this disease include constipation, abdominal pain
and cramps, stools with excess mucous and blood
clots. Houseflies act as mechanical carriers and
serve to transmit the parasite from faeces of
infected person to food and food products.
160. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 150
Aedes mosquito helps in transmitting dengue and
chikungunya.
161. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 158
Opioids are the drugs, which bind to specific
opioid receptors present in our central nervous
system and gastrointestinal tract. Heroin,
commonly called smack is chemically
diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless,
bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by
acetylation of morphine.
162. (3)
NCERT 12th Page 161
The immediate adverse effects of drugs and
alcohol abuse are manifested in the form of
reckless behaviour, vandalism and violence.
Excessive doses of drugs may lead to coma and
death due to respiratory failure, heart failure or
cerebral hemorrhage.
163. (3)
NCERT 12th Page 149
• Microsporum, Trichophyton and
Epidermophyton are responsible for
ringworms which is one of the most common
infectious diseases in man. Appearance of
dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body
such as skin, nails and scalp are the main
symptoms of the disease.
• Haemophilus influenzae causes pneumoniae.
164. (3)
NCERT 12th Page 147
Plasmodium enters the human body as sporozoites
(infectious form) through the bite of infected
female Anopheles mosquito. The parasites
initially multiply within the liver cells and then
attack the red blood cells (RBCs) resulting in their
rupture. The rupture of RBCs is associated with
release of a toxic substance, haemozoin, which is
responsible for the chill and high fever recurring
every three to four days.
165. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 162
The use of alcohol during adolescence may also
have long-term effects. It could lead to heavy
drinking in adulthood. The chronic use of drugs
and alcohol damages nervous system and liver
(cirrhosis).
166. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 157
• In our body, cell growth and differentiation is
highly controlled and regulated. In cancer
cells, there is breakdown of these regulatory
mechanisms.
• Benign tumors normally remain confined to
their original location and do not spread to
other parts of the body and cause little
damage. The malignant tumors, on the other
hand are a mass of proliferating cells called
neoplastic or tumor cells. These cells grow
very rapidly, invading and damaging the
surrounding normal tissues. As these cells
actively divide and grow they also starve the
normal cells by competing for vital nutrients.
 • Proto oncogenes have been identified in
normal cells which, when activated under
certain conditions, could lead to oncogenic
transformation of the cells.
167. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 158
Opioids are the drugs, which bind to specific
opioid receptors present in our central nervous
system and gastrointestinal tract. Heroin
commonly called smack is chemically
diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless,
bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by
acetylation of morphine. Heroin is depressant and
slows down body functions.
168. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 147, 156, 157
• ELISA – AIDS detection
• Widal – Typhoid detection
• Biopsy and histopathological studies – For
cancer detection.
169. (1)
NCERT 12th Page 161
With repeated use of drugs, the tolerance level of
the receptors present in our body increases.
Consequently the receptors respond only to higher
doses of drugs or alcohol leading to greater intake
and addiction.
170. (3)
NCERT 12th Page 151
• Filariasis: Chronic inflammation of lower
limbs and genital organs.
• Ascariasis: Internal bleeding, muscular pain,
blockage of intestinal passage.
• Pneumonia: Fever, chills, cough, headache.
• Typhoid: High fever, stomach pain,
constipation.
171. (3)
NCERT 12th Page 160
Smoking is associated with increased incidence of
cancers of lung, urinary bladder and throat,
bronchitis, emphysema, coronary heart disease,
gastric ulcer, etc. Tobacco chewing is associated
with increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity.
Smoking increases carbon monoxide (CO) content
in blood and reduces the concentration of
haembound oxygen. This causes oxygen
deficiency in the body.
172. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 162
The side-effects of the use of anabolic steroids in
females include masculinisation (features like
males), increased aggressiveness, mood swings,
depression, abnormal menstrual cycles, excessive
hair growth on the face and body, enlargement of
clitoris, deepening of voice.
173. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 148
Sporozoite stage is an infective stage for humans.
Parasites reproduce asexually in red blood cells,
bursting the red blood cells and causing cycles of
fever and other symptoms.
174. (1)
NCERT 12th Page 154
The secondary lymphoid organs provide the sites
for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen,
which then proliferate to become effector cells.
175. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 161
Dependence is the tendency of the body to
manifest a characteristic and unpleasant
withdrawal syndrome if regular dose of
drugs/alcohol is abruptly discontinued. This is
characterised by anxiety, shakiness, nausea and
sweating, which may be relieved when use is
resumed again. In some cases, withdrawal
symptoms can be severe and even life threatening
and the person may need medical supervision.
176. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 157
Transformation of normal cells into cancerous
neoplastic cells may be induced by physical,
chemical or biological agents. These agents are
called carcinogens. Ionising radiations like X-rays
and gamma rays and non-ionizing radiations like
UV cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic
transformation.
177. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 151
Acquired immunity is pathogen specific. It is
characterised by memory. This means that when
our body encounters a pathogen for the first time
it produces a response called primary response
which is of low intensity. Subsequent encounter
with the same pathogen elicits a highly intensified
secondary or anamnestic response. This is
ascribed to the fact that our body appears to have
memory of the first encounter.
178. (3)
NCERT 12th Page 149, 150, 159
• Morphine is extracted from the plant,
Papaver somniferum.
• Gambusia feeds on mosquito larvae.
• Maintenance of personal and public hygiene is
very important for prevention and control of
diseases.
179. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 152
If a person is infected with some deadly microbes
to which quick immune response is required as in
tetanus, we need to directly inject the preformed
antibodies, or antitoxin (a preparation containing
antibodies to the toxin). Even in cases of
snakebites, the injection which is given to the
patients, contain preformed antibodies against the
snake venom. This type of immunisation is called
passive immunisation.
180. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 156
The macrophages continue to produce virus and in
this way acts like a HIV factory. Simultaneously,
HIV enters into helper T-lymphocytes, replicates
and produce progeny viruses. The progeny viruses
released in the blood attack other helper T-
lymphocytes. This is repeated leading to a
progressive decrease in the number of helper
T-lymphocytes in the body of the infected person.
181. (1)
NCERT 12th Page 153, 154
The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow
and thymus where immature lymphocytes
differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes.
After maturation the lymphocytes migrate to
secondary lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph
nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches of small intestine
and appendix. The secondary lymphoid organs
provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes
with the antigen, which then proliferate to become
effector cells.
182. (3)
NCERT 12th Page 159
Datura is known for its hallucinogenic properties.
183. (3)
NCERT 12th Page 155, 157, 158
• Incubation period: Time lag between infection
and appearance of AIDS symptoms.
• Contact inhibition: By virtue of which contact
with other cells inhibits their uncontrolled
growth.
• Carcinogens: Ionising and non-ionising
radiations are cancer causing agents.
• -interferons: Biological response modifiers
184. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 156
The macrophages continue to produce virus and in
this way acts like a HIV factory. Simultaneously,
HIV enters into helper T-lymphocytes (TH),
replicates and produce progeny viruses. The
progeny viruses released in the blood attack other
helper T-lymphocytes. This is repeated leading in
the blood attack other helper T-lymphocytes. This
is repeated leading to a progressive decrease in
the number of helper T-lymphocytes in the body
of the infected person. Treatment of AIDS with
anti-retroviral drugs is only partially effective.
They can only prolong the life of the patient but
cannot prevent death, which is inevitable.
185. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 157
Cancer causing viruses called oncogenic viruses
have genes called viral oncogenes. Furthermore,
several genes called cellular oncogenes (c-onc) or
proto-oncogenes have been identified in normal
cells which, when activated under certain
conditions, could lead to oncogenic
transformation of the cells.
186. (1)
NCERT 12th Page 159
Chemical structure of morphine.
187. (1)
NCERT 12th Page 146
Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium which
causes typhoid fever in human beings. These
pathogens generally enter the small intestine
through food and water contaminated with them
and migrate to other organs through blood.
Sustained high fever (39° to 40° C), weakness,
stomach pain, constipation, headache and loss of
appetite are some of the common symptoms of
this disease. Intestinal perforation and death may
occur in severe cases.
188. (3) 193. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 146, 156, 157 NCERT 12th Page 159
• Diseases which are easily transmitted from one • Plants with hallucinogenic properties are
person to another, are called infectious diseases Atropa belladona and Datura.
eg:- Plague, AIDS, diphtheria. • Excessive dosage of cocaine causes
• Cancer is one of the most dreaded, non- hallucinations.
infectious diseases of human beings and is a
major cause of death all over the globe. Cancer 194. (2)
cells appears to lost contact inhibition property. NCERT 12th Page 159
As a result of this, cancerous cells just continue • Morphine: It used as sedative and painkiller
to divide giving rise to masses of cells called • Cocaine: It has a potent stimulating action on
tumors.
CNS.
• Marijuana: It effects on cardiovascular system
189. (3)
of body.
NCERT 12th Page 154
• Amphetamines: It is used as medicines to treat
Transmission of HIV-infection generally occurs
depression and insomnia.
by (a) sexual contact with infected person, (b) by
transfusion of contaminated blood and blood
195. (4)
products, (c) by sharing infected needles as in the
NCERT 12th Page 151
case of intravenous drug abusers and (d) from
infected mother to her child through placenta.

190. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 157
The malignant tumors, on the other hand are a
mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic or
tumor cells. These cells grow very rapidly,
invading and damaging the surrounding normal
tissues. As these cells actively divide and grow
they also starve the normal cells by competing for
vital nutrients. Cells slougher from such tumors Structure of an antibody molecule.
reach distant sites through blood, and wherever
the get lodged in the body, they start a new tumor 196. (1)
there. This property calle metastasis is the most NCERT 12th Page 146
feared property of malignant tumors. Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular
exercise are very important to maintain good
191. (3) health. Yoga has been practised since time
NCERT 12th Page 157
immemorial to achieve physical and mental
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising
health.
radiations to accurately detect pathological and
physiological changes in the living tissue.
197. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 154
192. (4)
The word AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno
NCERT 12th Page 160
Deficiency Syndrome. This means deficiency of
Tobacco contains a large number of chemical
immune system, acquired during the lifetime of an
substances including nicotine, an alkaloid.
individual indicating that it is not a congenital
Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release
disease. ‘Syndrome’ means a group of symptoms.
adrenaline and nor-adrenaline into blood
AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in the last
circulation, both of which raise blood pressure
twenty-five years or so, it has spread all over the
and increase heart rate.
world killing more than 25 million persons.
198. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 158
Majority of drugs have side effects like hair loss,
anemia, etc. Most cancers are treated by
combination of surgery, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy Tumor cells have been shown to
avoid detection and destruction by immune
system. Therefore, the patients are given
substances called biological response modifiers
such as α-interferon which activates their immune
system and helps in destroying the tumor.
199. (4)
NCERT 12th Page 152
The principle of immunisation or vaccination is
based on the property of ‘memory’ of the immune
system.
200. (2)
NCERT 12th Page 147
Rhino viruses represent one such group of viruses
which cause one of the most infectious human
ailments - the common cold. They infect the nose
and respiratory passage but not the lungs. The
common cold is characterised by nasal congestion
and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough,
headache, tiredness, etc., which usually last for
3-7 days. Droplets resulting from cough or
sneezes of an infected person are either inhaled
directly or transmitted through contaminated
objects such as pens, books, cups, doorknobs,
computer keyboard or mouse, etc., and cause
infection in a healthy person.

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