SAMPLING HUMAN

POPULATIONS
SAMPLING HUMAN POPULATIONS

• Sampling- act of
studying or examining
only a segment of the
population
representing the whole.
ADVANTAGES

• Cheaper
• Faster
• Better Quality
• More comprehensive data
• Only possible method for destructive procedures
USES OF SAMPLING IN PUBLIC HEALTH

• Prevalence survey
• Risk factor investigation
• Evaluating effectiveness of health measures
• Evaluating readability and completeness
• Health services research
SAMPLING TERMS

• Target population-
determined by inclusion and
exclusion criteria.
• Accessible population- who
are reachable.
SAMPLING DESIGN
NON – PROBABILITY SAMPLING DESIGN

• Judgement/ Purposive
- representative sample/ expert’s judgements
- there is purpose as to why they are selected, they are sought after by the set
criteria (fittest)

Eg. EXTREME CAUSES, HETEROGENOUS, HOMOGENOUS

NON – PROBABILITY SAMPLING DESIGN

• ACCIDENTAL HAZARD SAMPLING

- convenience, whoever is accidentally met.
Eg. Roaming around the classroom.
• QUOTA SAMPLING
- until quota is reached
eg. First to come per se

• SNOWBALL TECHNIQUE
- for hidden population
PROBABILITY RANDOM SAMPLING

• Sample random – is the most basic type of sampling design.

• Systematic sampling – is a variation of simple random sampling
• Stratified random sampling – non overlapping groups (STRATA)
• Cluster sampling – cluster of elements
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING GOOD
SAMPLING DESIGN
• Sample obtained should be a representative
• Adequate
• Practical feasible
• Economic and Efficient
 MULTI – STAGE SAMPLING DESIGN
- WIDE RANGE COVERAGE
THE FOLLOWING STEPS ARE FOLLOWED IN THIS DESIGN:
- The population is first divide into a set of PRIMARY OR FIRST STAGE SAMPLING
UNITS.
- Each primary sampling unit included in the sample is further subdivided into
SECONDARY OR SECOND STAGE SAMPLING UNIT,
- The procedure continues until the desired stage is reached.
SAMPLE SIZE ESTIMATION

The factors that determine the sample size requirements of a given study and
generalizations:
• Study design used
• Magnitude of the parameter being estimated
• Variability of the parameter being estimated
• Level of precision desired
• Data analysis plan