‫ِبْس ِم ِهللا الَّرْح ٰم ِن الَّر ِح ْيِم‬

‫َّرِّب ِز ْد ِنى ِع ْلًم ا‬

‫‪Joints‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
 Learning outcomes
 You will know types of joints using pictorial references
 You will know about welds, its types, size and amounts.
Joint Designs

3
Types of Joints

4
 Types of Joints

T Edge Cruciform

Corner
Lap
Butt

5
Butt Preparations

6
Single Sided Butt Preparations

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Double Sided Butt Preparations

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Corner Joints

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Edge Joints

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Lap Joints

A- single lap joint, one weld.

B- single lap joint, two welds.

C- offset lap joint.

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Weld Zone Terminology

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 Weld Zone Terminology

• Parent metal
• Filler metal
• Weld metal
• Heat-affected zone (HAZ)
• Fusion line
• Weld zone
• Weld face
• Root
• Toe
• Excess weld metal

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Types of Weld Joints

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 Types of Weld Joints
(a) Groove welds: Classified by the edge shape of the joint elements(which
require groove preparation by torch or exothermic cutting, electrode
cutting, sawing, machining, or grinding and filling with one or more
weld passes)
(b) Fillet welds: triangular cross section, joining element positioned at 90
deg. to each other (which usually do not require preparation, just single
or multiple weld bead deposition)
(c) Plug or Slot welds: Provide strength without affecting the edges of joint
elements (which require weld deposits to be made in preplaced drilled or
punched or pierced holes to tie one plate to another)
(d) Surfacing welds (which require overlay of weld metal to restored
material lost to wear or other means, or to improve wear or corrosion
resistance)

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 Types of Weld Joints

 Fillet welds and butt welds constitute respectively 80% and 15% of all
welds in the construction industry; the balance 5% is made up by plug, slot
and spot resistance welds.

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 Size and Amount of Weld
It is not true that ‘‘if a little is good, a lot is better’’ in the
case of welding!

 Oversize welds may cause excessive distortion and higher residual stresses,
without improving suitability.

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 Size and Amount of Weld
 Continuous welds: For equivalent strength, a continuous fillet
weld of a given size is usually less costly than a larger-size
intermittent fillet weld. Also, there are fewer weld starts and
terminations that are potential sites for flaws. For automatic
welding, continuous welding is preferred.
 An intermittent fillet weld can be used in place of a continuous
fillet weld of minimum size when a static loading condition exists.
An intermittent fillet weld should not be
used under cyclic fatigue loading

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 Size and Amount of Weld
 Welds should always be placed in the section of least
thickness, and the weld size should be based on the load
or other requirements of that section.
 The amount of welding should be kept to a minimum to
limit distortion and internal stresses and, consequently,
the need for straightening and stress relieving

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Size and Amount of Weld

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 WELD JOINT DESIGN
Some thumb Rules:
 Always select the joint design that requires the least amount of weld
metal
 Where possible, use square grooves and welds that only partially
penetrate the joint.
 Use lap and fillet welds instead of groove welds when fatigue is not a
design consideration.
 Use double-V or double-U instead of single-V or single-U groove welds
on thick sections to reduce the amount of weld metal and control
distortion.
 Welds should always be placed in the section of least thickness, and the
weld size should be based on the load or other requirements of that
section
 Always design an assembly and its joints for good accessibility for any
welding and inspection that will be required.
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