LESSON 2:

THE ELEMENTS
AND PRINCIPLES
OF ART
SPACE

In Visual Arts, space pertains to emptiness

which may either be positive or negative
space.

Positive space refers to a part which is

enclosed in a shape, while negative space
refers to the opposite part which the shape is
enclosing.
The Elements of Art:
• 1. SPACE
• 2. LINE
• 3. SHAPE AND FORM
• 4. COLOR
• 5. VALUE
• 6. TEXTURE
LINE
In visual arts, a line is a series connected
points. It may come in two characteristics:

Form – curved, dotted or broken lines

Direction – vertical, horizontal or diagonal

lines
SHAPE and FORM

Shape is formed by connecting both ends of a

line. Shapes are two dimensional figures with
height and width.

There are also different kinds of shapes as

described below.
● Geometric shapes are enclosed figures such as triangle,
squares, and other structured figures

● Organic shapes are shapes found in nature. They do not

have a structured form as they are usually free flowing.
Examples of these are the shape of a leaf or a cloud.

● Abstract shapes are like organic shapes for they lack

definition, but they are not necessarily found in nature. They
are also free flowing.
Forms are three dimensional; it has the same
dimensions as a shape except with added
volume. Unlike shapes, it has more depth and
does not feel flat.
COLORS
In visual arts, color is associated with the natural phenomenon in
our environment. Scientifically, when a light passes through a
prism, it will produce different hues of different wavelengths.

These colors may pertain to lightness or darkness, coolness or

warmth. Also, colors may convey different meanings dependent to
cultures and traditions of a region.
VALUE
property of a color which pertains to its
lightness or darkness.

In music, this may refer to the pitch. It is the

highness or the lowness of the sound.
TEXTURE
In visual arts, texture is the tactile or illusory
surface of the piece.

In music, texture is the mood or quality of the

composition.
ASSIGNMENT:

Bring the following on Monday

1. Short Bondpaper
2. Pencil
3. Colored Paper
4. Coloring Materials
The Principles of Art:
• 1. SCALE & PROPORTION
• 2. HARMONY
• 3. VARIETY
• 4. MOVEMENT
• 5. RHYTHM
• 6. BALANCE
• 7. EMPHASIS
SCALE & PROPORTION
Scale and proportion refer to the relationship
of the elements, specifically its relative size
of parts of a whole.
HARMONY
In visual arts, harmony is the unity of the artwork,
specifically in reference to the arrangement of its parts,
while in music, harmony refers to the simultaneous
sounding or playing of different notes to produce a
sound.
VARIETY
In other terms, variety may be referred to as
diversity.

This means adding multiple, different

elements to break the monotony of an artwork
and make it more interesting.
MOVEMENT
Movement serves as one of the fundamental principles
in dance and theater.

In visual arts, an artwork has movement when it

incorporates the passage of time, even in an illusory
manner.
RHYTHM
This refers to the repetition of certain elements to
produce a pattern. In visual arts, repeated design
elements may create a certain flow and may lead the
viewer’s eyes.

In music, this refers to the even distribution of notes.

BALANCE
Balance refers to the even and equal distribution of elements.
There are two types of balance in visual arts:

● Informal balance, also called asymmetrical, is present when

the designs are not equally distributed on both sides.

● Formal balance, also called symmetrical, is present when the

weight of the designs is equally distributed.
EMPHASIS
Emphasis is a principle which may refer to the
greater impact given on a certain element.

Subordination serves as the opposite of emphasis

as it refers to how certain elements only serve as a
supplement to the emphasized element in a
design.
Thank you
for
listening!