द्रव्य as औषध

द्रव्य definition

यत्राश्रिताः कर्मगुणाः कारणं समवायि यत् । तद्द्द्रव्यं । (च. सू. 1/51)

• द्रव्य gives ashraya to guna and karma

• क्रियागुणवत् समवायि कारणं द्रव्यम् । (सु. सू. 40/3)

• द्रव्य as the samavayi sambanda with guna and karma

 औषध definition
• भेषं रोगं जयतीति औषधं इत्यमरः । (श.क.द्रु )
• That which conquer the disease
 Qualities of Ideal dravya

• बहुतातत्र योग्यत्वमनेकविधकल्पना । संपच्चेति चतुष्कोऽयं द्रव्याणां गुण उच्यते ॥(च.सू.

9/7)
• Maximum potency
• Suitable in all the conditions
• Various preparation
• Should be potent qualitatively without any damage
• प्रशस्त देश संभूतं प्रशस्तेऽहनि चोदृतम् । युक्तमात्रं मनस्कान्तं गन्धवर्ण रसान्वितम् ॥
दोषघ्नमग्लानिकरमविकारि विपर्यये । समीक्ष्य दत्तं काले च भेषजं पाद उच्यते ॥(सु.सू.
34/22-23)
• Prashata desha sambhuta- grown in good region
• Prashaste ahani chodrutam- produced on a good day
• Yukta matra-given in proper dose
• Manaskanta-pleasing to mind
• Gandha Varna rasanvita- having proper odour,colour and
taste
Doshagna- relives vitiated doshas
Aglaanikara- should not cause any. Discomfort
तदेव युक्तं भैषज्यं यदारोग्याय कल्पते । (च.सू. 1/134)
• The ideal dravya is the one which brings normalcy in the
body
 त्रिविधा औषध

3 types of treatments 3 types of therapy

1. Daiva Vyapashraya 1. Antah parimarjana
2. Yukti Vyapashraya 2. Bahi parimarjana
3. Satvavajaya 3. Shastra pranidhana
 Daiva vyapashraya
तत्र दैवव्यपाश्रयं
मन्त्रौषधिमणिमङ्गलबल्युपहारहोमनियमप्रायश्चित्तोपवासस्वस्त्ययनप्रणि
पातगमनादि,

Yukti Vyapashraya
युक्तिव्यपाश्रयं- पुनराहारौषधद्रव्याणां योजना, ॥54॥
Management by proper administration of
ahara dravya and aushadha dravya
Satvavajaya
सत्वावजयः पुनरहितेभ्योऽर्थेभ्यो मनोनिग्रहः ॥54॥
Management by mano nigraha from
Ahitartha
Antah parimarjana( internal medication)
Therapy for the diseases caused by improper diet
Bahi parimarjana(external cleansing)
Diseases cured by external contact to the body like
अभ्यंग, स्वेद, प्रदेह, परिषेका, मर्दन etc
Shastra pranidhana( surgical application)
Therapywhich includes Chedana,
bhedana,Vyadhana,daarana, lekhana etc
Pharmacology:
It is the science that deals with the effects of drugs on living systems
Pharmacokinetics:
It means “what the body does to the drug”
It includes:
• The process of absorption (A)
• Distribution (D)
• Metabolism (M)
• Excretion (E)
Pharmacodynamics:
• It means what the drug does to the body
Nutraceuticals:
• To describe any product derived from food sources with
extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional
value found in foods
• 2 words -: “nutrient”
“pharmaceutical”
 Pharmaceutics:
• The science of preparing, using or dispensing medicines
OR
It is the overall process of developing a new chemical entity into an
approved therapy that is safe and effective in treating or preventing disease
Divided into 2 sub disciples:
*Physical pharmacy
*Pharmacokinetics
 Physical pharmacy:
• It is the area which is concerned with the development of drug usage
forms
What is aushadha
dravya?

• When applied in forms of

aushadha (medicine), due
to its potency (osa), it
causes kshaya (decrease)
or vriddhi (increase) of
doshas, to bring back
sthāna/sāmyāvasthā
(normalcy), the disease
free state (Arogya). [ch
vi 8/87 ]
 Pharmaceutical classification
• 9 types of asava yoni -(ch su 25/49)
Dhanyaasava Khandasava
Phalaasava Pratrasava
Moolasava twagasava
Saraasava Sharkarasava Classification explained by-
Pushpaasava Dr. Binoy Sen in Classification
of aushadha dravya in bruhat trayee.
 Pharmacological classification
• According to pharmacodynamic properties -
Rasa dhatu-pradushana/kopana
Gandha swasthahita
Veerya
Karma
Dosha –prashamana /shamana
 GIT system:
50 Mahākashāya
Deepaniya, Respiratory:
(CS.Su.4): As per use
Vamanopaga, Shvāsahara, Kāsahara
in different systems.
Virechanopaga

Hemopoetic & Urinary: Mootra

Reproductive System:
Vascular: (samgrahaniya,
Shukrajanana,
Shonitasthāpana, virechaniya,
Prajāsthāpana
Hridya virajaniya)

Skin: Svedopaga,
Pharmacotherapeuti Nervous:
Sangyāsthāpana
Dhatus: Jeevaniya,.
Brimhaniya, Balya
Kandughna,
Kushthaghna, Varnya
etc.
c classification

Samshodhana 4 &
33 groups (AH.Su.15):
Vidārigandhādi 37 Samshamana 3 group
Jeevaniya of Charaka
Groups (SS.Su.38). (SS.Su.39/3-9;
& rest of Sushruta.
AS.Su.14).

45 Mahākashāya
(AS.Su.15) of CS
(Vamanopaga to
shirovirechanopaga 5
mahākashāya of
Charaka are not
mentioned).
 • what is Pathya?

• Ch Su 25/45

• Pathya is derived from the word which

What is means patha meaning path
• Pathya is defined as that factor which is
Pathya? conducive to both body and mind.
• That which is suitable to the body causing
neither increase or decrease in doshas and
maintains normalcy.
Difference between aushadha and pathya
• The aushadha that cures the disease when observed with pathya (rules of
medication) that aims at the reestablishment of swasthya and mana
prakriti of the patient
• Pathya here is ahara and vihara which does not lead to further vitiation of
the doshas during and after the treatment procedure.
• Drug Designing An Ayurvedic Perspective -Abhilash Mullasseril
Classification based on utility or usage
Acharya chakrapani while discussing about the yavagu preparation in
apamarga tanduliya adhaya of charaka Sutra sthana classified dravyas
as following based on the usage or utility

यवागूसाधनद्रव्यं तावद् द्विविधं वीर्यप्रधानमौषधद्रव्यं रसप्रधानमाहारद्रव्यच

(चक्रपाणि च. सू. 2/17)

1)Ahara dravya
2) Aushadha dravya
Drug is important on the basis of potency (virya)
Eg: drugs like Haritaki ,Amalaki and Chiktraka are used for their
respective therapeutic effects -on the basis of potency

Food is important on the basis of taste (rasa)

Eg:food materials like sali ,mudga etc are used as diet - on the basis of
their metabolites like carbohydrates, proteins,fats etc

So,overall we can say that both ahara dravya and aushadha dravya are
equally important in treatment
 Difference between Aushadha dravya
and Ahara dravya
1.Compared with drug or medicine 1.compared with food
2.It is virya dominant :two types 2.it is rasa dominant :shad rasa
3.Act mainly on the doshas first and dhatus 3.they should act directly upon dhatus
next by showing some pharmacological (rasa to shukra) and helps in nourishment
and gives strength
action which helps in bringing the normalcy
Example: godhuma ,sali etc
in sharira
Example:pippali ,sunthi etc