Modeling of a System for Biodiesel Production through

Transesterification

Supervised by:
Engr. Dr. Muhammad Jamshaid
Group members:
Faisal Shahzad 18-ME-06
Yasir Nawaz 18-ME-36
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Faisal Shahzad
2108-ME-06
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
 Sequence

• Introduction

• History

• Aim of the Study

• Objective

• Literature Review

• Methodology

• Results & Discussions

• Conclusions

• References

Introduction LiteratureReview Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion

 INTRODUCTION
The demand of increasing price of fuel and depletion
of fossil fuel Reservoir has asked the global oil
industry to look at the alternative sources of fuel from
renewable energy source which is biodiesel.

Biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in IC

Engines..

Biodiesel can be produced from edible, non-edible

oil, animal fats and algae etc.

Introduction LiteratureReview Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion

 INTRODUCTION …Contd.
Out of four available methods for biodiesel production.

Super critical methanol (SCM)

Pyrolysis

Dilution

Transesterification

The first three methods are not so suitable due to:

• Low Quality Fuel

• Expensive

• Low yield
Introduction LiteratureReview Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION …Contd.
Transesterification process is mostly used to
produce biodiesel due to following reasons

• Economical method

• Biodiesel meets the ASTM standards

• Production yield of biodiesel is high

Introduction LiteratureReview Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion

 INTRODUCTION …Contd.
 Transesterification process parameters includes
Temperature of the mixture,

Stirring speed ,

Catalyst Concentration, and

 Methanol Volume

Introduction LiteratureReview Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion

 HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
In 1890 Rudolf Diesel was a first person who made biodiesel from Vegetable
oil.

In 1970s and 1980s environmental protection agency EPA situated in

America suggested that fuel should be free from Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon
Monoxide and Nitrogen oxides.

In 1998 EPA allowed the production of biofuel on commercial level which
was the alternative source of the petrol.

In 2010 the production of biodiesel reaches up to 105B Ltrs. Worldwide.

Introduction LiteratureReview Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion

 AIM OF THE STUDY

Aim of project is to model a

system for the production of
Biodiesel Through
Transesterification.

Introduction LiteratureReview Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion

 Objectives

To study of biodiesel

To study of biodiesel production process
To study of production of biodiesel through transesterification process
Modelling a system for Biodiesel Production
Implementation of transesterification process parameters on a model

Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion
LITERATURE REVIEW
Author and Title
Key Findings
Year (Journal)

Kartikkumar
Multi-response optimization of With the increasing energy demand, fossil fuel depletion
Thakur
1 transesterification reaction rate is increasing, therefore a need to develop sustainable
(2022)
(Fuel ) and energy-efficient biodiesel through Transesterification.

Methanol for Biodiesel Production The process of transesterification is affected by the mode
Pankaj Kumar via Transesterification of Nonedible of reaction condition, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, type of
2 Oil
(2022) alcohol, type and amount of catalysts, reaction time and
(Bio Energy )
temperature and purity of reactants
Heterogeneous catalysts are promising for the transesterification
Masoud Activity of solid catalysts for
biodiesel production: reaction of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel. Unlike
3 Zabeti.
(Fuel Processing Technology) homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysts are environmentally benign
(2009)
and could be operated in continuous processes
Introduction LiteratureReview Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion
 METHODOLOGY
 Materials
• Amla Oil
• Methanol
• NaOH
• Transesterification Setup
 Fabrication of a model for Transesterification.
 Parameters to control for Transesterification Process
• Temperature
• Speed
• Catalyst Concentration
• Methanol to Oil Molar Ratio
Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion
Yasir Nawaz
2108-ME-36
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
 Individual Parts.

Amla Oil 800 ml Methanol 250ml NaOH Electric Heater Rod DC 775 Motor

Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion
 Individual Parts.

Funnel Pump Temperature Controller Separation Flask Measuring Flask

Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion
 Model.

Assembled Setup After Experiment Mixture

Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion
 Schematic Diagram

A Schematic diagram of a system for Biodiesel

production through Transesterification
Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion
 Results and Discussion

 Biodiesel production by transesterification of Amla oil with methanol has

been studied in a system using sodium hydroxide as catalyst.
 Biodiesel, an alternative fuel can be used in diesel engine as blending with
diesel (B10,B20,B30….....B100).
 The major advantage of biodiesel are
 Renewable fuel
 Green fuel
 We used this setup to implement transesterification process to produce
biodiesel.
Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion
 Conclusion

 Biodiesel can be used in IC-Engines as an alternating fuel

 Biodiesel can be produced through transesterifications (Super critical
methanol), Dilution and pyrolysis processes. Out of these four
Transesterification processes is most economical and produced biodiesel
which properties meets ASTM standards
 Transesterification process factors affecting the yield of biodiesel through
transesterification process are Temperature, Speed, methanol, oil and
catalyst concentration
 Biodiesel can be produced from Transesterification apparatus
Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion
 References
1. Usta, N., Use of amla oil methyl ester in a turbocharged indirect injection
diesel engine. Biomass and bioenergy, 2005. 28(1): p. 77-86.
2. Giannelos, P., et al., Amla oil as an alternative diesel fuel: physical and
chemical properties. Industrial crops and products, 2002. 16(1): p. 1-9.
3. Shaah, M.A.H., et al., A review on non-edible oil as a potential feedstock for
biodiesel: physicochemical properties and production technologies. RSC Advances,
2021. 11(40): p. 25018-25037.
4. Van Gerpen, J., Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel processing
technology, 2005. 86(10): p. 1097-1107.
5. Khola, G. and B. Ghazala, Biodiesel production from algae. Pak. J. Bot,
2012. 44(1): p. 379-381.

Introduction
Introduction LiteratureReview
Literature Review Methodology
Methodology Result& Discussion
Results & Discussion Conclusion
Conclusion