Punjab &

Andhra Pradesh
A presentation by Guransh Kaur Saran of XA
PREFACE
This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the
states of Punjab and Andhra Pradesh. It covers
various topics such as literature, traditions, flora and
fauna, rainfall, etc. It allows the readers to learn about
the cultures of Punjab & Andhra Pradesh and gives
them a virtual tour through these two states.
 TABLE OF
CONTENTS
PAGE 1: ENGLISH PAGE 13: Fauna of Punjab
PAGE 2: Poets from Punjab & Andhra PAGE 14: Fauna of Andhra Pradesh
Pradesh PAGE 15: MATHEMATICS
PAGE 3: Novelists from Punjab & PAGE 16: Food Wastage in Punjab
Andhra Pradesh PAGE 17: Food Wastage in Andhra
PAGE 4: Comparison of Writing Styles Pradesh
PAGE 5: Overview of Trends in Indian PAGE 18: Rainfall in Punjab
English Literature in the 21st Century PAGE 19: Rainfall in Andhra Pradesh
PAGE 6: PUNJABI PAGE 20: SOCIAL SCIENCE
PAGE 7: ਤਿਉਹਾਰ PAGE 21: Soil Requirements
PAGE 8: ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ PAGE 22: Rainfall Requirements
PAGE 9: ਸਮਾਨਤਾਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾਵਾਂ PAGE 23: Areas Covered in Punjab
PAGE 10: SCIENCE PAGE 24: Areas Covered in Andhra
PAGE 11: Flora of Punjab Pradesh
PAGE 12: Flora of Andhra Pradesh PAGE 25: BIBLIOGRAPHY
 1

ENGLISH
A brief study of the poets and novelists from
Punjab and Andhra Pradesh and an overview
of the trends in Indian English Literature in
the 21st Century.
 2
Shiv Kumar Batalvi
A poet from Punjab
Shiv Kumar Batalvi permanently replaced the traditional way of writing Punjabi poetry. The real
wonder of Batalvi’s poetry wasn't that he mastered the new and innovative ways to express
modern poetical sensibilities better than most of his contemporaries, but that he did it by
masterfully and artistically combining them with the spirit of Punjab’s culture and with the age
old charm of classical Punjabi poetry and folk songs. His poetry was a tool to identify and
expose the fault lines in the society. He evoked, and still continues to do so, strong emotions
among the listeners and readers of his poetry.

Dr. Asavadi Prakasa Rao

A poet from Andhra Pradesh

Dr. Asavadi's most notable literary contribution is his performance of Avadhanam – a

literary performance. He has been stamped as the only Dalit Avadhāni in Andhra literature
and mesmerized the listeners with his extraordinary perceptiveness and indescribable
majestic energy. Given to a life of simplicity, austerity and humility, he has been utilising his
hard-earned income and savings to propagate and rejuvenate Telugu and Sanskrit literatures,
and to popularise classical poetry for a healthy blend of tradition and modernity.
 3
Nanak Singh
A novelist from Punjab
Nanak Singh often courted controversy through the books he wrote as they were honest and made
pertinent points. Each of his books had a social message and he used the power of the pen to inspire
people and uplift society. Nanak Singh was not just a prolific and successful writer, he represented the
old world of literary giants who had a deep connect with society and strived to inspire change. It is a
testimony to the power of Nanak Singh's pen that he continues to inspire generations of his readers even
100 years later. One of his novels, 'Pavitar Papi' originally published in 1942, is currently in its 28th
reprint in Punjabi. the book was not only translated into several languages, it was even made into a
Hindi film.

Kesava Reddy
A novelist from Andhra Pradesh
Known for his simplicity and politeness, Kesava Reddy was a famous novelist hailing from Andhra
Pradesh. He was passionate about literature and writing and wrote short and long stories. In his writings
he addresses many of the important social problems in India like poverty, prejudices, and superstitions,
and encourages people to be socially responsible. He successfully bridges the idealistic and the popular
styles of literature. His novel "Athadu Adavini Jayinchadu" was one of his major writings. 'Munemma',
'Moogavani Pillanagrovi' and 'Smasanam Dunne' were among his other novels. Some were translated
into English and other languages.
 A Comparison of Writing
Styles
Punjab Andhra Pradesh
Shiv was not just a poet of a few dozen popular poems Asavadi Prakasa Rao, being a Dalit himself, used to
nor was his poetry limited to a couple of topics. He was write about the inequalities in the society. He did not
POET

POET
a very versatile poet and wrote about a wide range of limit himself to one genre and wrote about the general

S
S

subjects. His poetry showed a continuous progression things around him in such a way that they became
from the early pangs of 'birha' to increasingly complex interesting. He also used to translate poems to Telugu.
emotions.

Nanak Singh wrote over 50 books including novels Kesava Reddy used to write novels, long and short
NOVELIST

and collection of short stories. He made significant stories. He used to write about various social issues

NOVELIST
contributions to various literary genres. He wrote such as poverty, prejudices, and superstitions. Through
S

S
about secularism and independence. He beautifully his books, he used to encourage people to be socially
depicted excerpts from contemporary life, cloaked responsible.
with a veil of romantic idealism.
4
5 A kind of environmental and social freedom struggle continues in our
country today as represented by a number of writers, including Arundhathi
Roy and Chetan Baghat. They have a clarion call for value clarification,
which is the need of the hour.
Another trend is the translation of regional literatures into English. For
example, almost the entire works of Premchand or Rabibndranath Tagore or
Subramania Bharathi are available in English not only for the English

An overview of the trends people but also for the people of the world who have some knowledge of
English as a second or foreign language.

in Indian English We have a unique trend of women writers emerging on the national scene.
A case in point is Mahasweta Devi of West Bengal. She is an activist-writer

Literature in the 21st

who has championed the cause of the marginalized tribal people in West
Bengal in such works as “Draupati”.

Century
The 21st century has proved to the world that English literature is no
longer the sole province of the imperial England. Although English
Yet another trend is the emergence of writers from the Dalit and other
marginalized sections of the society. A work in this category is Ompuri
Valmiki’s 'Joothan'.
literature started and flourished in England, it has gone on to sow the
seeds of creativity in English in other parts of the world, including
A dominant trend is the motivational and autobiographical work of
India. prominent personalities like Dr Abdul Kalam. Wings of Fire and Turning
Points are both scientific and political in their overtones, but do not lose
sight out on guiding the Indian youth for a better India.

A discordant note that we observe is the lack of support for poetry and
poets. Initially it was poetry that was the chief medium of writing for the
educated Indians. But today poetry does not sell like short story collections
or novels.
 6

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
ਪੰਜਾਬ ਅਤੇ ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਤਿਉਹਾਰਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਪਹਿਰਾਵੇ ਬਾਰੇ
ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚਲੀਆਂ ਸਮਾਨਤਾਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ
ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਤੁਲਨਾਤਮਕ ਅਧਿਐਨ।
 ਤਿਉਹਾਰ
ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਤਿਉਹਾਰ
ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਤਿਉਹਾਰ ਇੱਥੋਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਰਵਾਇਤਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ ਦੀ
ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇੱਥੋਂ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਮੁਖ ਤਿਉਹਾਰ ਹਨ:
• ਲੋਹੜੀ
• ਵਿਸਾਖੀ
• ਹੋਲਾ ਮੁਹੱਲਾ
• ਬਸੰਤ ਪੰਚਮੀ
• ਤੀਆਂ

ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਤਿਉਹਾਰ

ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਹਲਚਲ ਵਾਲਾ ਰਾਜ ਕਈ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਅਤੇ
ਸਭਿਆਚਾਰਕ ਤਿਉਹਾਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਘਰ ਹੈ| ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਕੁਝ
ਖੂਬਸੂਰਤ ਤਿਉਹਾਰ ਹਨ:
• ਪੋਂਗਲ
• ਉਗਾਦੀ
• ਗਨੇਸ਼ ਚਤੁਰਥੀ
• ਮਹਾ ਸ਼ਿਵਰਾਤਰੀ 7
 ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ
ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਆਦਮੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ ਹੈ 'ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਕੁੜਤਾ'
ਅਤੇ 'ਚਾਦਰਾ', ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਅਜੋਕੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੁੜਤੇ ਅਤੇ ਪਜਾਮੇ ਨਾਲ
ਤਬਦੀਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। ਔਰਤਾਂ ਲਈ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਲਵਾਰ-ਕਮੀਜ਼ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਘੱਗਰੇ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ ਲੈਂਦਾ
ਹੈ।

ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ

ਪੁਰਸ਼ਾਂ ਲਈ, ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ ਧੋਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਕੁੜਤੇ
ਹਨ। ਉਹ ਲੁੰਗੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਕਮੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਵੀ ਪਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਚੌਦਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਤੋਂ
ਪਹਿਲਾਂ, ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਲਈ ਵੀ
ਧੋਤੀ ਹੀ ਸੀ। ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ, ਹੋਰ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਪਹਿਰਾਵੇ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਸਾੜੀਆਂ
ਅਤੇ ਲੰਗਾ ਵੋਨੀ ਮਸ਼ਹੂਰ ਹੋ ਗਏ।
8
ਸਮਾਨਤਾਵਾਂ
• ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਦੋਂ ਲੋਹੜੀ ਮਨਾਈ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਉਸ
ਸਮੇਂ ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੋਂਗਲ ਮਨਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ
ਹੈ।
• ਪੰਜਾਬ ਅਤੇ ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦੋਨੋ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੁਰਸ਼
ਕਮੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਪਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਪਿਛਲੇ ਸਮਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ,
ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੁਰਸ਼ ਚਾਦਰਾ ਪਾਇਆ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਨ
ਜੋ ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ਦੇ ਪੁਰਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਪਾਈ ਧੋਤੀ ਨੂੰ
ਰਲਦਾ-ਮਿਲਦਾ ਹੈ।
ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾਵਾਂ
• ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦਾ ਵਾਢੀ ਤਿਉਹਾਰ ‘ਵਿਸਾਖੀ’ ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ ਵਿੱਚ
ਮਨਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਪਰੰਤੂ ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਵਾਢੀ
ਤਿਉਹਾਰ ‘ਪੋਂਗਲ’ ਜਨਵਰੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਨਾਇਆ
ਜਾਂਦਾਹੈ।
• ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਸਲਵਾਰ-ਕਮੀਜ਼
ਪਾਉਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਪਰੰਤੂ ਆਂਧਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦੀਆਂ
ਔਰਤਾਂ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਸਾੜੀਆਂ ਪਾਉਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।
9
SCIENCE
A comparative study of the flora and fauna
of Punjab and Andhra Pradesh.

10
FLORA
THE PLANTS OF A PARTICULAR REGION, HABITAT,
OR GEOLOGICAL PERIOD.

The flora of Punjab is of varied character and is typical of a tract well suited for the growth of vegetation.
• CROPS : In Punjab, mainly the two cereal crops, wheat and rice, are grown in rotation during an year.
Rice is the principal crop of Kharif season and wheat is the principal crop of Rabi season.
• TREES & PLANTS : Major trees found in Punjab are shisham, eucalyptus kikar, jaman, mango, pipal,
borh and some varieties of mulberry, etc. A few plants of economic importance such as sohanjana,
PUNJAB

kachnar and lasura are found around wells and gardens.

• FRUITS : Common fruits grown here include pears, peaches, plums, mangoes and varieties of citrus
fruits. Litchi, although not fully adapted to the climate, has been grown with special care and is yielding
fruit.
• FORESTS : The recorded forest area of Punjab is 0.29 million hectares which constitutes 5.76% of the
geographical area. By legal status, Reserved Forests constitute 1.52%, Protected Forest 38.16% and
Unclassed Forest 63.32%. There are mainly three types of forests found in Punjab: Tropical Dry
Deciduous, Subtropical Dry Evergreen and Tropical Thorn Forest. Major Forest areas include Shivalik 11
FLORA
THE PLANTS OF A PARTICULAR REGION, HABITAT,
OR GEOLOGICAL PERIOD.

Andhra Pradesh has wide and varied vegetation types enriched by a variety of flora and fauna.
ANDHRA PRADESH

• CROPS : The important crops grown are rice, maize, pulses, groundnut, cotton, chillies, tobacco
and sugarcane, etc.
• TREES & PLANTS : Major trees found in Andhra Pradesh are sal, teak, mango, neem and red
sanders, etc. A few plants grown here are lilies, gladiolus, jasmine, gerbera and African marigold.
• FRUITS : Common fruits grown here include grapes, mangoes, sapotas, guavas, bananas and
papayas.
• FORESTS : Andhra Pradesh has 29,137 sq km of total forest cover, which is just 17.88 percent out
of its total geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the state has 1,994 sq km
under Very Dense Forest, 13,938 sq km under Moderately Dense Forest and 13,204 sq km under
Open Forest. The reserved, protected and unclassed forests are 85.78% and 13.60% and 0.62% of
the recorded forest area in the state respectively. The types of forests found here are: Tropical 12
Semi-evergreen Forests, Dry Evergreen Forests, Tropical Deciduous Forests and Thorny Scrub
FAUNA
TTHE ANIMALS OF A PARTICULAR REGION, HABITAT,
OR GEOLOGICAL PERIOD.

The fauna of Punjab is rich, with 396 types of birds, 214 kinds of Lepidoptera, 55 varieties of fish,
20 types of reptiles, and 19 kinds of mammals. The state of Punjab has large wetland areas, wildlife
sanctuaries, bird sanctuaries and many zoological parks that house numerous species of animals
PUNJAB

birds.
The State Animal of Punjab is the Black Buck.
In Punjab, apart from cattle, goats, horses and wild dogs that are all too common roaming the
streets looking for piles of trash to riffle through, there are peacocks, chipmunks, several types of
wild birds, buffalos, antelope and much more.
Chital, Hog Deer, Blue Bull, Wild Boar, Jackal, Rhesus Monkey, Peafowl, Brahminy Myna, Black
and Grey Partridges, Quails etc. can be found here in sanctuaries.
13
FAUNA
TTHE ANIMALS OF A PARTICULAR REGION, HABITAT,
OR GEOLOGICAL PERIOD.

Andhra Pradesh’s undulating terrain, deep forests, valleys, cliffs and the two largest rivers-
ANDHRA PRADESH

Krishna and Godavari- flowing through the state make it a region rich in biodiversity that
has evolved as a natural habitat for wildlife.
The State animal of Andhra Pradesh is also the Black Buck.
Andhra’s wonderful fauna is found across sanctuaries and national parks such as the Rajiv
Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in Srisailam, Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary near Kakinada, Sri
Venkateshwara National Park in Tirupati, and Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary close to Chittor.
A few that top the list are tigers, asian elephants, leopards, sloth bears, sambar deer, spotted
deer, wild boars, hyenas and jackals.
14
MATHEMATICS
A collection of data about food wastage and
rainfall in the states of Punjab & Andhra
Pradesh.

15
Food Wastage
in Punjab
Data
8 tonnes in 2016-17
211 tonnes in 2017-18
318 tonnes in 2018-19

Interpretation of Graph
There has been a steep increase in food wastage in Punjab and hence, the
Punjab Government should look into the matter and implement policies that
can be executed in a way that food wastage can be managed.

16
Food Wastage
in Andhra Pradesh
Data
15 tonnes in 2016-17
181 tonnes in 2017-18
247 tonnes in 2018-19

Interpretation of Graph
There has been a steady increase in food wastage in Andhra Pradesh and hence,
the Andhra Pradesh Government should look into the matter and implement
policies that can be executed in a way that food wastage can be managed.

17
Rainfall in
Punjab
Data
2017-386.3 mm
2018-527.4 mm
2019-433.6 mm
2020-387.6 mm

Interpretation of Graph
During 2017-20, highest rainfall was recorded in
the year 2018 and lowest rainfall was recorded in
2017 in Punjab.

18
Rainfall in
Andhra Pradesh
Data
2017- 740.9 mm
2018-486.8 mm
2019-590.0 mm
2020-790.7 mm

Interpretation of Graph
During 2017-20, highest rainfall was recorded in the
year 2020 and lowest rainfall was recorded in 2018 in
Andhra Pradesh.

19
SOCIAL SCIENCE
A comparative study of the availability of soil and
rainfall for growing rice, cotton and sugarcane.

20
 SOIL REQUIREMENTS
RICE
Rice is a tropical plant that requires
sufficient water to grow well.
Therefore, the soil used in growing rice
should have a good water retention
capacity.
Silt clay, silt clay loam and clay are
some of the soil textures that are best
for rice farming. Fertile riverine
alluvial soil is best for rice cultivation.
COTTON
Cotton can grow in almost all well drained
soils. However, suitable soils for achieving
high yields are considered the deep well
drained sandy loam soils, with enough clay,
organic matter and a moderate concentration
of nitrogen and phosphorus.
The best yields are often achieved in loamy
soils that are rich in calcium carbonate. A
gentle slope generally helps the water
drainage and is sometimes desired.
SUGARCANE
Sugarcane can be grown an all types of
soils ranging from sandy loam to clay
loam. It, however, thrives best on well
drained soils. It can also be raised
successfully on lighter soils provided
there is adequate irrigation facilities and
on heavy clays with proper drainage and
addition of organic matter. Saline,
alkaline and acidic soils are not at all
suitable for sugarcane.
2
1
 RAINFALL
REQUIREMENTS

RICE COTTON SUGARCANE

Rice requires more water than any Moderate to light rainfall is adequate for Sugarcane grows best in areas receiving
other crop. As a result, paddy cotton cultivation. Rainfall ranging between 75 cm to 100 cm of rainfall. Too heavy
cultivation is done only in those areas 50 cm to 80 cm is adequate. rainfall results in low sugar content.
where minimum rainfall is 115 cm.
Although the regions are having
average annual rainfall between 175—
300 cm are the most suitable.

22
AREAS COVERED
IN PUNJAB RICE
Rice is widely cultivated in the State. Even though Punjab has the desirable soil conditions
to grow rice, it requires a large amount of water for irrigation. In Punjab, rice is cultivated
in 2.814 million hectares, and 73% area is irrigated by tube wells. Rice is cultivated in 17
districts of Punjab including Fatehgarh, Sangrur, etc. and all districts fall under the high
productivity group.

COTTON
Cotton is grown in Punjab with proper irrigation. It is sown in April-May and is harvested in
December-January The area under cotton cultivation is expected to increase from 3.9 lakh hectares
last year to at least 5 lakh hectares. Maximum cotton has been grown by Bathinda, followed by
border district Fazilka and then Muktsar.

SUGARCANE
In the current season, 94,000 hectares are under cane, and the target is to increase it to 1.08 lakh
hectares. Farmers in 14 out of the total 22 districts of Punjab cultivate sugarcane. These districts
include Pathankot, Gurdaspur, Ferozepur, Amritsar, etc.
23
AREAS COVERED
IN ANDHRA RICE
PRADESH
Andhra Pradesh produces 128.95 lakh tons of rice in India. It is a leading rice producer
with a production of 12% of total rice produced in the country. 13 districts of Andhra
Pradesh are producing rice crop out of which West Godavari, East Godavari, Krishna,
Guntur, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Chittoor are the major producers. Andhra Pradesh is
also called the 'Rice Bowl of India'.

COTTON
Soils and climate in Andhra Pradesh are conducive for growing cotton. Over the past two and half
decades there had been a significant increase in the area under cotton in the state and now, cotton is
the third largest crop in the state. Of the 23 districts in the state, 21 districts have cotton cultivation
now. Among these, the prominent are, Adilabad, Guntur, Warangal, etc.

SUGARCANE
Most of the sugarcane cultivation is done in the coastal areas having fertile soil and suitable
climate. West Godavari, East Godavari, Vishakhapatnam, Krishna, Srikakulam and Nizamabad are
important producers.
24

ENGLISH
• http://apnaorg.com/prose-content/articles-by-
writers/Safir-Rammah/page-1/article-6/
index.html
• https://www.boloji.com/articles/49404/dr.-
asavadi-prakasa-rao
• https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/
snapshort-histories-making-of-modern-
india/nanak-singh-power-of-the-pen/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesava_Reddy
• https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/
gk-current-affairs/story/telugu-novelist-and-
medical-doctor-kesava-reddy-dies-240271-
2015-02-14
• https://sites.google.com/site/jeltals/archive/
4-1/an-overview-of-trends-in-indian-english-
literature-in-the-21st-century--dr-s-p-
dhanavel
25
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOCIAL SCIENCE
• https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-are-the-
criteria-of-an-ideal-rice-soil#:~:text=Rice%20is%20a MATHEMATICS
%20tropical%20plant,is%20best%20for%20rice
%20cultivation. • https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/steep-
• https://wikifarmer.com/cotton-growing-conditions/ increase-in-damage-to-food-grains-in-storage-in-punjab-
• https://ikisan.com/ap-sugarcane-soils-and-climate.html in-last-3-years/articleshow/70048863.cms
• https://www.toppr.com/ask/en-cn/question/what-is-the- • https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/in-6-years-over-40-
average-rainfall-required-for-the-cultivation-of-rice/ 000-tonnes-of-food-grains-damaged-in-fci-godowns-
• https://www.studyrankersonline.com/9061/explain- 1696650-2020-07-03
climatic-conditions-required-for-production-of-cotton • https://rmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in
• https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/best-practices/
sustainable-agriculture/water-management/paddy-in-
punjab-sustainable-water-use PUNJABI
• https://traveltriangle.com/blog/festivals-of-punjab/
• https://traveltriangle.com/blog/festivals-in-andhra-pradesh/
SCIENCE • https://punjab.gov.in/culture/
• https://punjab.pscnotes.com/geography-booster/fauna-and-
• https://www.holidify.com/pages/andhra-pradesh-dresses-
floral-geography/
123.html
• https://punjab.pscnotes.com/geography-punjab/vegetation-
of-punjab/
• https://pbforests.gov.in/sanctuaries.html