METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

KUALITATIF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Aim : to develop an understanding of how the world is
constructed

The notion of the world being ‘constructed’ implies that we

inhabit a social, personal and relational world that is
complex, layered and can be viewed from different
perspective.

Construct through talk (stories, conversation), action,

system of meaning, memory, rituals and institutions that
have been created, through the ways in which the world is
physically and materially shaped.
Qualitative Methodologies
1. Grounded theory & Phenomenology, focus on the
meanings through which people construct their reality.
2. Ethnography, concern with the way that worlds are
constructed through action such ritual and social
practices.
3. Discourse, conversational & narrative analysis, making
sense of how reality is constructed through talk and
language use.
4. Hermeneutic research, uncover historical & cultural
horizons of meaning through which the world is
experienced.
Knowing :
1. Knowledge of the other, generated by research which
takes a category of person (such as psychotherapy
client, hospital patient, gang member).
2. Develop knowledge of phenomena, directed toward
categories of event that are of interest to professional
groups.
3. Reflexive knowing, occurs when researchers
deliberatively turn their attention to their own process
of constructing a world with the goal of saying
something fresh and new about that personal world.
Stages in the evolution of qualitative research :
1. The traditional period (began in the early 1900s and
continued until the 1940s) anthropological fieldwork
investigations of tribal peoples.
2. The modernist phase (the postwar years up to the 1970s)
characterised by an attempt to formalise the methodology of
qualitative research, through the publication of standardised
'how-to-do-it' methodology textbooks outlining techniques
for carrying out grounded theory, phenomenological and
ethnographic studies.
3. The moment of blurred genres (1970-1986) researchers
working in this area had available to them a broad repertoire
of paradigms, methods, strategies and techniques that could
be applied in their work.
4. The crisis of representation (mid 1980s)
5. The fifth moment characterised by a more action-
oriented, political and pluralistic approach to qualitative
research
The problem with qualitative research in psychotherapy
1. collecting qualitative data from clients or patients may
compromise confidentiality
2. the majority of those who carry out research will probably
have received excellent training in experimental design and
statistics, but minimal training in qualitative methods
3. it is difficult, and takes a long time, to write qualitative
papers
4. to be good at qualitative research it is useful to have a
background in literary or cultural studies, sociology or
philosophy
5. therapy research has been dominated by the question of
outcome
The role of qualitative research in therapy
1. Reconfiguring therapy in response to social and cultural
change
2. Documenting and exploring the interface between therapy
and other cultural forms
3. Drawing attention to the structures of power and control

4. Creating a space for an affirmatory, pluralistic conception of

therapy
5. The development of an interdisciplinary, 'postpsychological’
therapy