LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment onMonday 16 October 2

023
the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

Review Title: My Last Duchess DO NOW

What can we infer about Remember, an

this woman based on INFERENCE is a
her painting? Who was prediction based on
she? What kind of life EVIDENCE. You must
has she led? be able to back up
your ideas.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on the implied meaning
and the effect on a reader.
Guided
Practice
Analysing the Title

What does this title connote?

‘My Last Duchess’

1) What does the adjective ‘last’ imply about this woman?

2) What does the noun ‘Duchess’ suggest about the types of
people we will meet in this poem?
3) Does the title confirm any previous inferences you made?
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on the implied meaning
and the effect on a reader.
Robert Browning
New
Information
Robert Browning (1812-1889)
was heavily influenced as a
youngster by his father's
extensive collection of books
and art. His father was a bank
clerk and collected thousands of
books, some of which were
hundreds of years old and
written in languages such as
Greek and Hebrew. By the time
he was five, it was said that
Browning could already read
and write well. He was a big fan
of the poet Shelley and asked
for all of Shelley's works for his
thirteenth birthday.
Browning is best known for his use
of the dramatic monologue. My
Last Duchess is an example of this
and it also reflects Browning's love
of history and European culture as
the story is based on the life of an
Italian Duke from the sixteenth
century.
The narrator of ‘My Last Duchess’ was –
in fact - a real historical figure – Alonso
the Duke of Ferrera.
The Duchess he is looking at is the first
of three wives who died after two years
of marriage under suspicious
circumstances. Her name was Lucrezua
de’Medici.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on the implied meaning
and the effect on a reader.
What is My Last Duchess about?
STARTER
New
Information

The characters mentioned in this poem are based on real

life, historical figures. The narrator is Duke Alfonso II who
ruled a place in northern Italy called Ferrara between 1559
and 1597. The Duchess of whom he speaks was his first
wife, Lucrezia de' Medici who died in 1561 aged 17, only
two years after he married her. In real life, Lucrezia died in
suspicious circumstances and might have been poisoned.

The poem is set in 1564, three years after the death of the
Duchess. An emissary (messenger or representative) has
been sent to see the Duke from the Count of Tyrol. The
Count is the father of the Duke's next wife (he married
three times in all). The Duke shows the emissary a picture
of his late wife and remarks on her character, suggesting
that she was unfaithful to him - and hinting that he might
have killed her because of it.

During his speech, the Duke makes himself look arrogant,

insensitive and selfish. The poem is a dramatic monologue.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

Region of Italy. In 1861, the Duke of Ferrara’s wife died in suspicious

circumstances. Browning was probably inspired by stories of this event.

FERRARA ‘my’ suggests he owned both the painting and her.

That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall,

Looking as if she were alive. I call The
That piece a wonder, now; Fra Pandolf’s hands artist’s
Worked busily a day, and there she stands. name
Sets a sinister tone.
Hints she is dead.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

Constant use of the

personal pronoun ‘I’
Sounds polite, but shows he is narcissistic
actually an order. (self-obsessed).

Will’t please you sit and look at her? I said

“Fra Pandolf” by design, for never read
Strangers like you that pictured countenance,
The depth and passion of its earnest glance,
But to myself they turned (since none puts by
The curtain I have drawn for you, but I)
He controls who looks at the painting – but he couldn’t
control who looked at her when she was alive.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

suggests people were

afraid of his temper.

And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,

How such a glance came there; so, not the first
Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, ’twas not
Her husband’s presence only, called that spot
Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek; perhaps

Creates the impression that the “Spot of joy” is a

visitor asked a question but we metaphor for
only hear it through the Duke – blushes or
he’s in complete control. flushed cheeks.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

Repetition emphasises that his wife’s blushes

bothered him.

Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek; perhaps

Fra Pandolf chanced to say, “Her mantle laps
Over my lady’s wrist too much,” or “Paint
Must never hope to reproduce the faint
Half-flush that dies along her throat.” Such stuff
Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough
For calling up that spot of joy. She had

The reference to death is out of place and suspicious. It

hints at the Duchess’ fate.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

The Duke thinks she flirted too

much. This is illustrated by the
Duke struggles to express repetition of the adverb ‘too’, the
his annoyance. and hyperbole of ‘everywhere’.

A heart — how shall I say? — too soon made glad,

Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er
She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.
Sir, ’twas all one! My favour at her breast,
The dropping of the daylight in the West,

Sounds as if he’s justifying himself – getting defensive.

Exclamative heightens the sense of anger.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

Enjambment emphasises how he gets carried away by

anger by focusing your attention on the trivial things she
liked.

The bough of cherries some officious fool

Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule
She rode with round the terrace— all and each
Would draw from her alike the approving speech,

Hyperbole or exaggeration of how many things that she liked.

LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

The use of caesura and repetition

creates a stuttering effect highlighting
his exasperation with her.

Or blush, at least. She thanked men—good! but thanked

Somehow—I know not how—as if she ranked
My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name
With anybody’s gift. Who’d stoop to blame

He’s proud of his social ranking, important family and the

titles ‘Duke’ and ‘Duchess’. Sees himself as superior and
is arrogant.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

This is a false modesty. He clearly does like speaking.

This sort of trifling? Even had you skill

In speech—which I have not—to make your will
Quite clear to such an one, and say, “Just this
Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,
Or there exceed the mark”—and if she let
Emotive language suggests he
is more affected by her
behaviour than he states.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

‘stoop’ hints that he felt she was beneath

him; shouldn’t have needed reminders.
Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set
He seems suspicious
Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse— of her and insecure –
E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose thought she was
Never to stoop. Oh, sir, she smiled, no doubt, being unfaithful.
Whene’er I passed her; but who passed without
Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;
Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands
As if alive. Will’t please you rise? We’ll meet
The company below, then. I repeat,
Appears as a euphemism for his wife’s murder. It is cold and cynical.
The use of caesura which emphasises the finality of his ‘commands’.
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Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

He’s arranging his next

marriage – his next Duchess.

The Count your master’s known munificence

Is ample warrant that no just pretence
Of mine for dowry will be disallowed;
Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowed
At starting, is my object. Nay, we’ll go
Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,
Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,
Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!
Returns to the subject of his art collection, emphasising his
wealth and power. The story of his Duchess is a subtle warning
to his visitor about his expectations for his next wife.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

Structure and Form:

A dramatic monologue reinforces the impression that the Duke is in

conversation with his visitor.

The rhyming couplets show the Duke’s desire for control, but the
enjambment suggest that he gets carried away with his anger. This
creates a picture of an unstable character obsessed with power.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

Key Themes:
Pride – The Duke is very proud of his possessions and his status.

Jealousy – He couldn’t stand the way the Duchess treated him the
same as everyone else (lines 31– 34).

Power – The Duke enjoys the control he has over the painting (lines
9 – 10). He didn’t have this power over the Duchess when she was
alive.
LO: To identify methods in ‘MLD’, comment on Guided
Practice

the implied meaning and the effect on a reader.

Poems to compare with…

Ozymandias
Power – pride, tyrannical behaviour, display of power

London
Power of Humans – tyrannical behaviour, control over others