COMPLEX VARIABLE

Lecture 10
  Obtaining complex roots of
polynomial equations using De
OBJECTIVE Moivre’s theorem
 Discussion and sketch of
complex inequality.
De`Moivre's Theorem:
If and n are positive integers, then

 To find the nth power of a complex number, take the power of the absolute
value or length and multiply the argument by.
Problem: Find all values of for which and also locate these values in the complex plane.
Solution: Given, .
Here the numbers of roots are 3.

[ ]
;
when
when
when
The distance of each root from the origin is same as and the angular distance of two consecutive roots are same.
Problem: Find all values of for which and also locate these values in the complex plane.
Solution: Given, .
Here the numbers of roots are 4.
81
I m{𝑧 }
𝑧1
[ ]
;
𝑧2 𝑂 𝑧 0ℜ { 𝑧 }
when
when 𝑧3
when
when
The distance of each root from the origin is same as and the angular distance of two consecutive roots are same.
Problem: Describe and graph the locus represented by I m{𝑧 }
Solution: Given, .

𝑂 ℜ{ 𝑧 }
(0 ,− 1)

Given inequality represents the region between two concentric circles of radii with center
Problem: Describe and graph the locus represented by
Solution: Given, I m{𝑧 }

3 (− 2 ,3)
3
𝑂 ℜ{ 𝑧 }
Given inequality represents the region outside the circle of radius with center
Note: General Equation of circle in complex form is: where Center and Radius
Problem: Describe and graph the locus represented by Im {z}
Solution: Given,

O Re {z}
(− 2 ,0) (2 , 0)
Given inequality represents the region inside the hyperbola with vertices and
center .
Problem: Describe and graph the locus represented by
Solution: Given, .
Im {z}

1
Given inequality represents the 𝑦= 𝑥
region between the lines and in O √3
1st quadrant. Re {z}
 Exercise

1. Find all values of for the following equations and also locate these values in the complex
plane:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2. Describe and graph the locus represented by each of the followings:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1. The complex equation z 3  i  1  0 has how many roots?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) None

2. The angular distance of each individual root from the next root is
(a) same (b) different (c) both (d) None

3. The roots of the complex equation z 2  i  1  0 are

i 3 i 11 i i 3 i 3 i 7
(a) 2e 4
, 2e 4 (b) 2e , 2e
4 4 (c) 2e 4
, 2e 4 (d) None