Two Dimensional Digital Signal

Processing
• Many signals are inherently two dimensional
Photographic data, weather photos, X-rays
Generally spatial signals
• Basic ideas of 1D signal processing can be
extended to 2D case
 2D Signals
• Notation used to represent 2D variables
 where are integer variables
 is short hand version of 2D signal

• Perspective plots to represent 2D signals

graphically
Third dimension represents magnitude
2D Signals
 2D Signals
• Useful 2D sequences
 2D Signals
• 2D Digital Impulse Or Unit Sample
 2D Signals
• 2D Digital Step
 2D Signals
• 2D Step is related to 2D Impulse by the
following relation

• For 1D signal the relation is

 2D Signals
• Exponential and Sinusoidal signals
 2D Signals
• 2D Exponential signal
 2D Systems
• Convolution Theorem
For LTI Systems Convolution theorem is valid
Relation Input & Impulse response to output is
 2D Systems
• For a system with Impulse response and input

• Output is
 2D Systems
• Direct evaluation of Convolution is difficult since
cannot be factored into
 2D Systems
• Causality and Separability
A 2D filter is causal or realizable if it’s impulse
response satisfies the property

And separable if it’s impulse response can be

factored into a product of 1D responses
 2D Systems
• Advantage of separable filters - 2D convolution can
be carried out as a sequence of 1D convolutions
[ ] for each value of
 2D Systems
• If input sequence is also separable

• where
 2D Systems
• A 2D filter is stable only if the impulse
response satisfies the constraint
 2D Systems
• 2D linear Difference Equations
To describe an LTI 2D filter

The constant coefficients

plus a set of initial conditions specify the filter
 2D Systems
• Recursion relation for assuming
is

-
• 1D Fourier series relations

• With sinusoidal input to a 2D system

Fourier series & frequency domain analysis

• Output of the system is

• Frequency response of the system is a Fourier
series representation

with the coefficients given by

• The frequency response is doubly periodic

• Find the Fourier series coefficients, of

the filter with frequency response
• Frequency response = 1 in hatched
area
• If the frequency response can be decomposed
to the product of a term in
impulse response will be a product of a term
in