Introduction to IC Applications

By
IC Application Team
 Internet of Things (IC application): Case
Study
• Internet of Things for MIMO
monitor
• Sensors
• Bluetooth Devices
• Control Module (IoT module)
• Display Device using Mobile phone
• MIMO monitor: Check on the baby
health Conditions
• Skin temperature
• Body position
• Baby sleeping status
• Baby activity
How IC’s are involved in development of IoT applications
• Temperature sensor (MC34063 ADG)

• Baby Positioning by MPU-6050 (3-Axis Accelerometer and Gyro Sensor)

 What is relationship between Basic Electronics
Subjects Vs IC applications
• Past Subjects
• Electronic Device:
• Semiconductor Physics, Diode, Rectifier, Transistor, Amplifier
• Electronics& Pulse Circuits
• Clipper, Clampers, Feedback Amplifiers, Amplifiers, Multivibrators.
• Digital Logic Design
• Logic Gates, Combinational Circuits, Sequential Circuits, Memory,
Registers
• Microprocessors
• Basic Architecture, I/O, Processor design, Memory, DMA controller.
 IC Application Syllabus
• UNIT -I: Operational Amplifier Ideal and Practical Op-Amp, Op-
amp characteristics-DC and AC Characteristics.741 Op-Amp
and its Features, Modes of operation-inverting, non-inverting,
differential, Instrumentation Amplifier, Differentiators and
Integrators, Comparators, Schmitt Trigger.

• UNIT -II: Op-Amp 741& applications Log & Antilog amplifiers,

sample & hold circuit, V to I & I to V converters, Waveform
Generators using op-amp 741 -Triangular, Saw Tooth, Square Wave.
Introduction to Active filters: Classification of filters, Characteristics
of Low Pass, high pass, Band Pass, Band Reject and All Pass Filters.
Design and Analysis of 1st order LPF &HPF Butterworth filters
IC Application Syllabus..cntd

• UNIT-III: Timer & PLL IC 555 Timer-functional diagram,

Monostable and Astable Operations, Applications, IC565
PLL-Block Schematic, Description of Individual Blocks
Introduction to Voltage Regulators, Three Terminal Voltage
Regulators: IC78xx &79xx, Features of 723 Regulator
• UNIT-IV: Data Converters Introduction, basic DAC
techniques , Different types of DAC‘s-Weighted resistor
DAC, R-2R Ladder DAC Inverted R-2R Ladder DAC,
types of ADCs- Parallel comparator type ADC ,Counter
type ADC & dual Slope ADC, Successive Approximation
ADC, DAC and ADC Specifications
IC Application Syllabus: Cntd....
• UNIT-V: Digital Integrated Circuits Introduction to Digital Integrated
Circuits, Comparison of Various Logic Families , Introduction of TTL and
CMOS logic, IC interfacing- TTL driving CMOS & CMOS driving TTL ,CMOS
Transmission Gate, Combinational logic Ic’s Code converters (IC7442),
Decoders(IC74148 &IC74138,139), Encoders(IC7485), Priority Encoders
(IC74148), Multiplexers (IC74151) , Demultiplexers (IC74138), Priority
Generators (IC74X280)/ checkers(IC74180), Parallel binary Adder/
Subtractor: (IC 74X999), Magnitude Comparators(IC 7485).

• UNIT-VI: Sequential Logic and Memories All types of

Flip-flops using 40XX series IC, Synchronous counters,
Decade counters, shift registers.Memories-ROM
Architecture, Types of ROMs & Applications, RAM
Architecture, Static& Dynamic RAMs
COURSE OUTCOMES:
• 1.Understand the basic concepts and applications.
• 2.Demonstrate and design Integrator, Differentiator and Active filters.
• 3.Illustrate applications of 555 timer and PLL.
• 4.Interpret ADC & DAC circuits.
• 5. Design of combinational circuits.
• 6.Design of sequential circuits.
TEXT BOOKS:
• 1.Op-amp & Linear ICs-Ramakanth A. Gaikwad,PHI,2003
• 2.Linear Integrated Circuits-D.Roy Chowdhury, New Age International(p) Ltd
• 3. Modern Digital Electronics - RP Jain - 4/e - TMH, 2010 4. Digital
Fundamentals - Floyd and Jain, Pearson Education,8th Edition, 2005
REFERENCES:
• 1. Coughlin & Driscoll, ―Operational-Amplifiers and Linear Integrated
Circuits‖, 6th edition, Pearson education
• 2. Sergio Franco, ―Design with operational amplifier and analog integrated
circuits6. Online course:
• 3. Online course "Integrated Circuits, Mosfets, OP-Amps and their
Applications" by Dr. Hardik Pandya on NPTEL
 Our (IC Application) Team
Mrs. K.Jayashree Das
Associate Professor,
BVRIT. Narsapur, T.S
Area of Research:VLSI,
Radar Signal Processing
Dr. M.C. Chinnaiah,
Professor, ECE Dept.
BVRIT. Narsapur,
Telangana
Area of Research:
VLSI Robotics and
Automation
Mr. C.Ramesh Kumar Reddy
J.Yeshwanth Reddy
Assistant Professor, BVRIT.
Assistant Professor, BVRIT.
Narsapur, T.S
Narsapur, T.S
IC Applications : Module
Area of Research: VLSI
Coordinator
Area of Research: VLSI
Thank you
IC & Differential Amplifier
Circuits
By
IC Application Team
 What is Integrated Circuit ?
• Analog Integrated Circuits • Digital Integrated Circuits
Analog Integrated Circuits with Block diagram (Op-amp)

1. Input Stage:
• Dual i/p, Balanced o/p Diff Amplifier
• Provides  most voltage gain of Op-Amp
 i/p resistance of Op-Amp

2.Intermediate Stage:
• Dual i/p, Unbalanced o/p Diff Amplifier
• Drives the o/p of 1st stage
• Direct coupling dc voltage well above gnd level

3. Level Translator (or) Shifting Stage:

• Dc voltage level to zero w.r.t gnd

4.Output Stage:
• Increases o/p voltage swing
• Raises current supply capability of Op-Amp
• Low Resistance
Analog IC Design Engineer Jobs & Pay scale
 What is relationship between Analog IC Designer and
Differential Amplifier

https://tapwage.com/job/16181887-analog-mixed-signal-ic-designer
 Differential amplifier

• Differential Amplifier is a dc-coupled amplifier that amplifies the

difference between two input signals.
• It is the building block of analog integrated circuits and operational
amplifiers (op-amp).
• The important feature of differential amplifier is that it tends to reject
or nullify the part of input signals which is common to both inputs.
• This provides very good noise immunity in a lot of applications
Differential Amplifier using BJT : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGmgFwtpNnI
Differential amplifier Configurations:

• Based on the methods of providing input and taking output,

differential amplifiers can have four different configurations as below.

1) Single Input Unbalanced Output

2) Single Input Balanced Output
3) Dual Input Unbalanced Output
4) Dual Input Balanced Output
Single Input Unbalanced Output:
In this configuration, one input signal is given and the output is taken from only one of the two collectors with respect to ground as shown
below.
Single Input Balanced Output:

In this Configuration, only one input signal is given even though the

output is taken from both collectors.

Vo = Vo1 – Vo2
Dual Input Unbalanced Output:
In this Configuration, Both inputs are given in this case ie, differential input but the output is taken from only one of the two collectors with
respect to ground as shown below
Dual Input Balanced Output:

This circuit consists of two identical transistors Q1 and

Q2 with its emitters coupled together. Collectors are
connected to main supply VCC through collector
resistor Rc. Magnitude of power supplies VCC and –VEE
will be same.
•Vo = Ad(Vin1 – Vin2)
Where Ad = differential gain
Vin1, Vin2 = input voltages
When Vin1 = Vin2, obviously the output will be zero. ie,
differential amplifier suppresses common mode
signals.

For effective operation, components on either sides

should be match properly. Input signals are applied at
base of each transistor and output is taken from
both collector terminals.
 There won’t be any unnecessary dc content in
balanced output as the dc contents in both outputs
gets canceled each other.
 CMRR and it’s Significance
• Dual input balanced output differential amplifier should suppress the common signals
present at its inputs. A differential amplifier is said to be in common mode when same signal
is applied to both inputs and the expected output will be zero, ie ideally common mode gain
is zero.
Effectiveness of rejection depends on the matching of two common – emitter stages used. The ability of
a differential amplifier to reject common mode signal is called Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR).

CMRR =|differential gain/common mode

gain|

=|Ad/Ac|

  Unit of CMRR is dB
CMRR = 20log|Ad/Ac|

As mentioned earlier, ideally output will be zero in common mode which implies infinite CMRR.
CMRR Effects by RE
• CMRR=|Ad/Ac|
• Ad is not depended on RE
• The Common Mode gain Ac must be reduced. Ac=0, RE=∞.
 Differential amplifier with Constant Current source
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvZxlxpX8Xc
Differential amplifier with Constant Current source….cntd
Differential Amplifier using Constant current bias: Current
Mirror Circuit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZT_ZOX6SU0
Differential Amplifier using Constant current bias……cntd
 Our (IC Application) Team
Dr. M.C. Chinnaiah,
Professor, ECE Dept.
BVRIT. Narsapur,
Telangana
Area of Research:
VLSI Robotics and
Automation

Mr. C.Ramesh Kumar Reddy

Mrs. K.Jayashree Das J.Yeshwanth Reddy
Assistant Professor, BVRIT.
Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, BVRIT.
Narsapur, T.S
BVRIT. Narsapur, T.S Narsapur, T.S
IC Applications : Module
Area of Research:VLSI, Area of Research: VLSI
Coordinator
Radar Signal Processing Area of Research: VLSI
Thank you