CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 HOME AUTOMATION
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our humble gratitude to Almighty the
Supreme guide. For bestowing his blessings upon us
in our entire endeavour training programme.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to

entire staff of 509 ARMY BASE WORKSHOP for
their kind help and valuable guidance during
training period in providing virtual information
about the different units which helped me to get a
clean insight of basic engineering process, industrial
structure prevailing in 509 ARMY BASE
WORKSHOP.
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to COL.
M.C. Kuthari, OIC Radar group who guided us
thoughout the training period.

We would also like to thank the project guide MCM

Chaitnya kumar for giving us his various concept of
the project. His overall direction and guidance has
been responsible for the successful completion of
the seminar.

Last but not the least we would like to thank our

parents and all our friends who have been constant
source of encouragement and inspiration in every
walk of life.

Introduction

The aim of the proposed system is to develop a cost

effective solution that will provide controlling of
home appliances remotely and enable home
security against intrusion in the absence of
homeowner. The home appliances control system
with an affordable cost was thought to be built that
should be providing remote access to the appliances
and allowing home security. Though devices
connected as home and office appliances consume
electrical power. These devices should be controlled
as well as turn on/off if required. Most of the times it
was done manually. Now it is a necessity to control
devices more effectively and efficiently at anytime
from anywhere. In this system, we are going to
develop a remote control based home/office
appliance. Remote control for home appliances is
an absolute necessity in our fast-paced life. As a
result, much important has been given to this aspect
and a range of remote controls are prevalent today.
One of the most common is that which makes use
of IR radiations at particular frequencies. Our
product is a Remote Operated Home Appliance or
Remote controlled Home appliance. The circuit is
connected to any of the home appliances (lamp, fan,
radio, etc) to make the appliance turn on/off from a
TV, VCD, VCR, Air Conditioner or DVD remote
control. The circuit can be activated from up to 10
meters. It is very easy to build and can be assembled
on a general-purpose PCB. For this purpose we
make a circuit that consist of a IR module, CD4017
IC, LEDs to indicate the reception of the IR
radiations, otherwise indicating the ON/OFF state,
relay and other components
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
In our project, instead of using the battery we made
power supply by using step down transformer, diode
and capacitor. The supply circuit is shown below.
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED for
CIRCUIT

 Resistances:- 1. 47 ohm
2. 220 k
3. 330(2) ohm
4. 1 k
 Capacitances:- 1. 100 micro
2. 0.1 micro
 Transistors:- 1. BC558
2. BC548
 IR receiver module:- TSOP1738
 Decade counter:- IC CD4017
 Diode:- IN4007
 5V Relay
 5V Power supply
 Leds:- 2 Red, 1 green
 PCB
 Connecting wires

Components description

Resistance
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that implements electrical resistance as
a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are
used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to
divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
High-power resistors that can dissipate
many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used
as part of motor controls, in power distribution
systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly
with temperature, time or operating voltage.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit
elements (such as a volume control or a lamp
dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light,
humidity, force, or chemical activity.

Capacitors
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic
component that stores electrical energy in
an electric field. The effect of a capacitor is known
as capacitance. While some capacitance exists
between any two electrical conductors in proximity
in a circuit, a capacitor is a component designed to
add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was
originally known as
a condenser or condensator.[1] The original
name is still widely used in many languages, but not
commonly in English.
The physical form and construction of practical
capacitors vary widely and many types of
capacitor are in common use. Most capacitors
contain at least two electrical conductors often in
the form of metallic plates or surfaces separated by
a dielectric medium. A conductor may be a foil,
thin film, sintered bead of metal, or an electrolyte.
The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the
capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly
used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic
film, paper, mica, air, and oxide layers. Capacitors
are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in
many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor,
an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy.
 Transistors
1. BC558- BC558 is a general purpose PNP
transistor. It is used in switching and amplifier
applications. The DC current gain varies in range
110 to 800. It is also used as a complement for
transistors BC546 to BC550.

The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage

to operate in the desired region of its characteristic
curves. This is known as the biasing. For
amplification applications, the transistor is biased
such that it is partly on for all input conditions. The
input signal at base is amplified and taken at the
emitter. BC558 is used in common emitter
configuration for amplifiers. The voltage divider is
the commonly used biasing mode. For switching
applications, transistor is biased so that it remains
fully on if there is a signal at its base. In the absence
of base signal, it gets completely off.
2.BC548- BC548 is general purpose silicon, NPN,
bipolar junction transistor. It is used for
amplification and switching purposes. The current
gain may vary between 110 and 800. The maximum
DC current gain is 800.

Its equivalent transistors are 2N3904 and 2SC1815.

These equivalent transistors however have different
lead assignments. The variants of BC548 are 548A,
548B and 548C which vary in range of current gain
and other characteristics.

The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage

to operate in the desired region of its characteristic
curves. This is known as the biasing. For
amplification applications, the transistor is biased
such that it is partly on for all input conditions. The
input signal at base is amplified and taken at the
emitter. BC548 is used in common emitter
configuration for amplifiers. The voltage divider is
the commonly used biasing mode. For switching
applications, transistor is biased so that it remains
fully on if there is a signal at its base. In the absence
of base signal, it gets completely off.

IR RECEIVER MODULE-TSOP1738
The TSOP 1738 is a member of IR remote
control receiver series. This IR sensor module
consists of a PIN diode and a pre amplifier which
are embedded into a single package. The output
of TSOP is active low and it gives +5V in off state.
When IR waves, from a source, with a centre
frequency of 38 kHz incident on it, its output goes
low.
Lights coming from sunlight, fluorescent lamps etc.
may cause disturbance to it and result in undesirable
output even when the source is not transmitting IR
signals. A bandpass filter, an integrator stage and an
automatic gain control are used to suppress such
disturbances.
TSOP module has an inbuilt control circuit for
amplifying the coded pulses from the IR transmitter.
A signal is generated when PIN photodiode receives
the signals. This input signal is received by an
automatic gain control (AGC). For a range of inputs,
the output is fed back to AGC in order to adjust the
gain to a suitable level. The signal from AGC is
passed to a band pass filter to filter undesired
frequencies. After this, the signal goes to a
demodulator and this demodulated output drives an
npn transistor. The collector output of the transistor
is obtained at pin 3 of TSOP module.
Members of TSOP17xx series are sensitive to
different centre frequencies of the IR spectrum. For
example TSOP1738 is sensitive to 38 kHz
whereas TSOP1740 to 40 kHz centre frequency.
 DECADE COUNTER IC CD4017
CD4017 or HCF4017BE or 74HC4017 is a 16 pin
CMOS decade counter/ Divider with 10 decoded
output. This is known as ‘Johnson 10 stage decade
counter’. It has 10 outputs which gives output
signal one by one in sequence when a clock signal
from the clock input given. When clock input
given ,turns on the 10 output in sequence at each
time when it receives clock input pulses.
CD4017 is most popular ic which is extremely
useful in various applications like Binary
counter,Decoder,Decade counter,Frequency
division etc . This is more useful in various projects
like Light Chaser, Remote controlled Switch,
Alarm,Touch ON OFF switch, Clap switch,
Matrix Die.
 DIODE IN4007
1N4007 is a PN junction rectifier diode. These
types of diodes allow only the flow of electrical
current in one direction only. So, it can be used for
the conversion of AC power to DC. 1N 4007 is
electrically compatible with other rectifier diodes
and can be used instead of any of the diode
belonging to 1N400X series. 1N-4007 has different
real life applications e.g. free wheeling diodes
applications, general purpose rectification of power
supplies, inverters, converters etc. The particular
diode is shown in the figure below.

5V RELAY
Relays are most commonly used switching device in
electronics. Let us learn how to use one in our
circuits based on the requirement of our project.
Before we proceed with the circuit to drive the relay
we have to consider two important parameter of the
relay. Once is the Trigger Voltage, this is the voltage
required to turn on the relay that is to change the
contact from Common->NC to Common->NO.
Our relay here has 5V trigger voltage, but you can
also find relays of values 3V, 6V and even 12V so
select one based on the available voltage in your
project. The other parameter is your Load Voltage
& Current, this is the amount of voltage or current
that the NC,NO or Common terminal of the relay
could withstand, in our case for DC it is maximum
of 30V and 10A. Make sure the load you are using
falls into this range.

The
above circuit shows a bare-minimum concept for a
relay to operate. Since the relay has 5V trigger
voltage we have used a +5V DC supply to one end
of the coil and the other end to ground through a
switch. This switch can be anything from a small
transistor to a microcontroller or a microprocessor
which can perform switching operating. You can
also notice a diode connected across the coil of the
relay, this diode is called the Fly back Diode. The
purpose of the diode is to protect the switch from
high voltage spike that can produced by the relay
coil. As shown one end of the load can be
connected to the Common pin and the other end is
either connected to NO or NC. If connected to NO
the load remains disconnected before trigger and if
connected to NC the load remains connected before
trigger.

Circuit description
The circuit consist of two parts:- • Transmitter
• Receiver
Transmitter- The product consists of a remote
which is the transmitter of the IR radiations.
Receiver- Which responds to the radiations and
switches ON and OFF the appliance.

Working of the Circuit

Connect this circuit to any of your home appliances
(lamp, fan, radio, etc) to make the appliance turn
on/off from a TV, VCD or DVD remote control.
The circuit can be activated from up to 10 metres.
0.3 Working of the IR module
• The 38kHz infrared (IR) rays generated by the
remote control are received by IR receiver module
TSOP1738 of the circuit. Pin 1 of TSOP1738 is
connected to ground, pin 2 is connected to the
power supply through resistor R5 and the output is
taken from pin 3.TSOP 1738
• The output signal is amplified by transistor T1
(BC558).
IC CD4007 -• The amplified signal is fed to clock
pin 14 of decade counter IC CD4017 (IC1). Pin 8
of IC1 is grounded, pin 16 is connected to Vcc and
pin 3 is connected to LED1 (red), which glows to
indicate that the appliance is off.
• The output of IC1 is taken from its pin 2. LED2
(green) connected to pin 2 is used to indicate the on
state of the appliance.
Diode IN4007-
• Diode 1N4007 (D1) acts as a freewheeling diode.
• A freewheeling diode is put into a circuit to
protect the switching device from being damaged by
the reverse current of an inductive load(relay).
Relay -• The appliance to be controlled is
connected between the pole of the relay and neutral
terminal of mains. It gets connected to live terminal
of AC mains via normally opened (N/O) contact
when the relay energies.
• In short we can say relay is like a switch which is
necessary to control a circuit.
Result • To control the home appliances
system connected with the receiver system
wirelessly is designed and implemented
successfully for devices and worked well for the
trans- mission and receiving approximately 10
meters range with the operating frequency of
38KHz.
• The instrument is designed and implemented
successfully in physical existence and ready to
use.

Applications
• This is a very smart and intelligent instrument
useful for all the age groups and has a variety of uses
in almost all the areas where instruments need to be
automated and controlled as per the human need
and enhance facility.
• This instrument is basically to regulate and
overcome all the obstacles for control over the
instrument.
• This instrument is basically to regulate and
overcome all the obstacles for control over the
instrument. It is possible that the operating range
and the instrument operability in terms of number
of instruments can be increased.
• It can be used in the case of a number of devices
and applications such as TV, VCR, camera, CD
speller, radio, lamp, fan, music system or even tasks
such as simply opening a door.
• A single remote control can be made to operate at
different frequencies, each cor- responding to a
particular task to be performed by the appliance, for
example television. This is a further application
where a compact device can perform multiple
operations.
 Conclusion
. The power line devices to control from the
radio waves was a unique study, which concen-
trated on finding out how a smart home we have
considered would function in everyday life and
what kinds of functionality it should provide to
its users. This practical study revealed results
that have been discovered in theoretical
laboratory tests successfully. It would seem that
the most desirable functions of a smart home
are indeed various user interfaces that allow
more flexible control of the home. The home
should also contain learning and adaptive
functions,which would gradually allow users to
leave some functions to the Home Controller.
. • However as long as there are no compatible
devices in the market it seems that there is a
long way to go before smart homes really
become commonplace. After this study the
smart home instrument still continues at the
university laboratory for development. In this
paper work the power line devices are
controlled from wireless technology.
. • Such intelligent instruments are very much
helpful for the old and disabled persons. It also
helps to minimize the energy consumption.
Another important application of this
instrument is it can control appliances from
anywhere around the 10 meter periphery and
 very much compatible and easy to handle by
any age persons.
. • However there are limits on what each
interface can do and usually some functions
remain unavailable. Another practical obstacle
becomes obvious when installing net- works and
devices in older buildings. Even wireless
networks require power cabling and equipment
need their own installation space. In cases like
these it is advantageous to use existing cabling
(phone and power lines, cable ducts etc.) as
much as possible.