MAHARANA PRATAP GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS,

KANPUR

IR INTRUDER ALARM

RAMAN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
1852220010
CONTENT

• Overview
• Components used
• Circuit analysis
• Working/explanation
• Advantage
• Disadvantage
• conclusion
Overview

This circuit can detect any movement and trigger ALARM.In this IR based security
Alarm circuit, we have placed IR LED in front of photodiode ,so that IR light can
Directly falls on photodiode.
Whenever someone moves through this beam, IR rays stops falling on photodiode
And buzzer stsrts beeping.
COMPONENTS USED

• DIODES
• CAPACITORS
• INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
• SWITCHES
• RELAY
• LED
• TRANSMITTER
• RECEIVER
• BUZZER
• TRANSFORMER
DIODE:-

• A diode is defined as a two-terminal electronic component that only

conducts current in one direction (so long as it is operated within a
specified voltage level).
• An ideal diode will have zero resistance in one direction, and infinite
resistance in the reverse direction.
• The diode is said to be “forward biased” when conducting current in this
direction. When connected within a circuit in the reverse direction, the
diode is said to be “reverse biased”.
 CAPACITOR

• A capacitor in an electrical circuit behaves as a charge storage

device. It holds the electric charge when we apply a voltage across it,
and it gives up the stored charge to the circuit as when required.
• The most basic construction of a capacitor consists of two parallel
conductors (usually metallic plates) separated by a dielectric
material. When we connect a voltage source across the capacitor,
the conductor (capacitor plate) attached to the positive terminal of
the source becomes positively charged, and the conductor (capacitor
plate) connected to the negative terminal of the source becomes
negatively charged.
INTIGRATED CIRCUIT

• Normally bipolar junction transistors, diodes and field effect transistors

are commonly used electronics component in electronic circuit.
• These components are interconnected along with required resistors and
capacitors to form an electronic circuit. This type of circuit is known as
discrete circuit as each of the components can be separated from the
circuit as when required. Nowadays there is a new trend of producing
electronic circuit where on a semiconductor wafer numbers of diodes,
transistors, and capacitors are permanently fabricated.
RELAY

• A Relay is an electromechanical device that can be used to make or break

an electrical connection. It consists of a flexible moving mechanical part
which can be controlled electronically through an electromagnet, basically,
a relay is just like a mechanical switch but you can control it with an
electronic signal instead of manually turning it on or off. Again this working
principle of relay fits only for the electromechanical relay.
 LED

• A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that

emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the
semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in
the form of photons.
• The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons)
is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band
gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple
semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the
semiconductor device.
TRANSISTOR

• The transistor is a semiconductor device which transfers a weak signal

from low resistance circuit to high resistance circuit.
• The transistor consists two PN diode connected back to back. It has three
terminals namely emitter, base and collector.
• The base is the middle section which is made up of thin layers. The right
part of the diode is called emitter diode and the left part is called
collector-base diode.
TRANSFORMER

• transformer is a device that uses the principles of electromagnetism to

convert one voltage or current to another. It consists of a pair of insulated
wire wound around a magnetic core. The winding to which we connect
the voltage or current to be converted is called the primary winding and
the output winding is called the secondary winding.
•Transformers come in two varieties – step up, which increase the voltage or
current, and steps down, which decreases the voltage or current input.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND CONSTRUCTION :
• IR INTRUDER ALARM
WORKING

Every electronics circuit needs operating voltage. It may be from 3V to 30V. Our requirement is 12V DC. So we
have chosen 12V step down transformer. It is converting 220V AC in 12V DC using 4 diode (D5, D6, D7, D8) we
are making full wave rectifier & capacitor (C6) (1000/25) is using to store DC charge or you can so it using for
both section for Transmitter & Receiver.
When receiver is receiving Infra Red rays, its output is at low level. When any one break Infra Red rays output
goes high, it will conduct Q2. Q2 will on relay & LED (D9). If you have connected Buzzer Infra Red of relay.
Buzzer will sound when any one break Infra Red rays.
APPLICATIONS

  

 Home Use, on the big industries.

 On the Private area.   

 Only one man is enough to operate and maintenance of the device.
 Can be integrated with extended security systems.    
 Fully Automated.  
ADVANTAGES

CONSTANT PROTECTION
CAN RELOCATE
STRONG DETERRENT
DISADVANTAGES

FALSE ALARM

EXPENSIVE

CAN BE STOLEN
 CONCLUSION
•.

o Making an automated system or device is really very challenging task and although it is
very  interesting and creative. By using this proposed method we have been able to
make a strong  automated security system for home use.
o We have compared our project with human controlled or manual security systems. But
it is  cheaper than that. Because any human attendance is not required on the spot to
operate it. It is  totally automated. The circuit components are also very cost efficient in
the market. The  capacitors, transistors, diodes, rectifiers, amplifiers and resistors are
very cheap that is used to  make the device.