INTRODUCTION TO RELAY

Presented
By
STES Group Ltd
1
 What is a Relay?

• A relay is an electromagnetic switch that is used to turn on

and turn off a circuit by a low power signal.

• It’s main operation is to make or break contact with the

help of a signal without any human involvement in order to
switch it ON or OFF.

• You can control all powered devices from across the office
or across the world with a relay over a local or wide area
network.
 A Relay

• On the other side of the Arduino, it has less voltage

to power the high voltages such as 12v-DC and
210v-AC.

• Instead, you use a low-voltage control signal from

the Arduino to control a relay, which is capable of
handling and switching high-voltage or high-power
 Relay structure

• COM: Common pin

• NC (Normally Closed):Meaning the current is

flowing unless you send a signal from the Arduino to
the relay module to open the circuit and stop the
current.

• NO (Normally Open): The relay is always open, so

the circuit is broken unless you send a signal from
the Arduino to close the circuit.
Design of a Relay

An electromechanical relay is basically designed using few mechanical parts like

Electromagnet, a movable armature, contacts, yoke, and a spring/frame/stand.
How Relay Works

• Relay in NORMALLY OPENED

condition

• Relay in NORMALLY CLOSED

condition

SPDT: Single pole, Double Throw

How Relay Works
• When sufficient voltage is applied to the
core it starts to create a magnetic field
around it and acts as a magnet.

• when a coil is energized the armature is

attracted and the switching action can be
seen, if the coil is de-energized it loses its
magnetic property and the armature goes
back to its initial position.
Applications of Relay:
• A relay circuit is used to realize logic functions. They play a very important role in
providing safety critical logic.
• Relays are used to control high voltage circuits with the help of low voltage signals.
Similarly they are used to control high current circuits with the help of low current
signals.
• Used for the circuit selection if there exists more than one circuit in a system.
• Relays are used to provide time delay functions. They are used to time the delay open
and delay close of contacts.
• They are also used as protective relays. By this function all the faults during transmission
and reception can be detected and isolated.
Different Types of Relay other than Electromagnetic relay
Types of Relay Based on the principle of operation

• Electrothermal relay:

When two different materials are joined together it forms into a bimetallic
strip. When this strip is energized it tends to bend, this property is used in
such a way that the bending nature makes a connection with the contacts.

• Electromechanical relay:

With the help of few mechanical parts and based on the property of an
electromagnet a connection is made with the contacts.
Different Types of Relay other than Electromagnetic relay
• Solid State relay:

Instead of using mechanical parts as in electrothermal and

electromechanical relays, it uses semiconductor devices. So, the switching
speed of the device can be made easier and faster. The main advantages of
this relay are its more life span and faster switching operation compared to
other relays.

• Hybrid relay:

It is the combination of both electromechanical and solid state relays

Relays are also named with designations like

• Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) – The SPST relay has

a total of four terminals. Out of these two terminals
can be connected or disconnected. The other two
terminals are needed for the coil to be connected.

• Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) – The SPDT relay

has a total of five terminals. Out of these two are the
coil terminals. A common terminal is also included
which connects to either of two others.
 Relays are also named with designations like

• Double Pole Single Throw (DPST) – The DPST relay has a total of
six terminals. These terminals are further divided into two pairs.
Thus they can act as two SPST’s which are actuated by a single
coil. Out of the six terminals two of them are coil terminals.

• Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) – The DPDT relay is the

biggest of all. It has mainly eight relay terminals. Out of these
two rows are designed to be change over terminals. They are
designed to act as two SPDT relays which are actuated by a
single coil.
 Factors considered for Relay Selection
• Protection – Different protections like contact protection and coil protection must be noted.
Contact protection helps in reducing arcing in circuits using inductors. Coil protection helps in
reducing surge voltage produced during switching.

• Look for a standard relay with all regulatory approvals.

• Switching time – Ask for high speed switching relays if you want one.

• Ratings – There are current as well as voltage ratings. Vary from a few Amps to about 3000
Amps and 300 Volt AC to 600 Volt AC. There are also high voltage relays of about 15,000 Volts.

• Type of contact used – Whether it is a NC or NO or closed contact.

• Select Make before Break or Break before Make contacts wisely.

• Isolation between coil circuit and contacts

RELAY MODULE
The Single Channel Relay Module is a convenient board which
can be used to control high voltage.
Specification:
• Digital output controllable
• Compatible with any 5V microcontroller such as Arduino.
• Rated through-current: 10A (NO) 5A (NC)
• Control signal: TTL level
• Max. switching voltage 250VAC/30VDC
• Max. switching current 10A
Opto-Isolation(JD-VCC)
• The board includes opto-isolators on the logic inputs.

• Opto-isolators provide complete electrical isolation between the logic control input
and the relay power as an added layer of protection in case of a lighting strike or
some other kind of major failure on the AC load of the relay.

• As-shipped, the module has a jumper between header pins JD-VCC and VCC (relay
power is jumpered to logic power). This bypasses the opto-isolation circuit as it ties
the relay power to the logic power, but it makes the device easier to use since just
one power supply needs to be connected to the module.

• If it is desired to enable opto-isolation, remove the jumper and provide a separate 5V

power supply voltage to the JD-VCC and GND pins on that connector.
Relay with Arduino using 12v-DC lamp

Process

• Connecting Relay to Arduino.

IN: Connect to digital pin.

GND: Connect to the GND.

VCC: Connect to the power.

• Connecting Relay to Lamp.

NO: Connect to (+) of lamp.

COM: Connect to power(+)

Lamp(-): Connect to power(-)

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!!!!!!!!!!!
8 channel relay
4 channel relay

2 channel relay