A SEMINAR REPORT ON ROLE OF

BACTERIA IN CANCER CELLS

BY
SHUKURAH OPEYEMI SAHEED
20/57MB/01534
SUPERVISOR- DR A. T. AJAO
OUTLINE
• Mechanisms behind Bacteria Driven Carcinogenesis
• Bacteria as Causative Agents of Cancers
• Bacteria for Cancer Prevention and Treatment
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCE

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Mechanisms behind Bacteria Driven Carcinogenesis

• Bacteria may influence the oncogenesis through effects on the transformation of cells,

production of toxins, deleterious alterations in the physiological host process, and induction

of hormones which increases the epithelial cell proliferation, and antigen-

lymphoproliferation (Sohn et al., 2017).

• Bacteria may use actively as well as passive mechanisms non-specifically to target the

tumors (Sohn et al., 2017).

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Bacteria as Causative Agents of Cancers

1. Bacteria Associated Stomach Cancer

• Helicobacter pylori associated chronic gastric inflammation is the single strongest risk factor
for gastric cancer.

• Helicobacter pylori selectively colonizes the gastric epithelium and is overall associated with
over two-fold increased risk of gastric cancer (Yang et al., 2019).

• Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, Streptococcus parasanguini, Streptococcus oralis, have also

been reported recently to be associated with gastric cancer, their link with gastric
carcinogenicity is not as strong Helicobacter pylori (Yang et al., 2019).

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Bacteria as Causative Agents of Cancers

2. Bacteria Associated Liver Cancer

• The direct interaction of liver with GIT (which harbor the highest number of microbes) via the
hepatic portal and bile secretion systems makes it vulnerable to bacteria.

• This could be why increased translocation of GIT associated bacteria is considered the
hallmark of chronic liver infections, which can further contribute to liver carcinogenicity
development (Molina-Romero et al., 2020).

• The main bacterial species which are thought to contribute to liver carcinogenicity are,
Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter pylori, Atopobium cluste and, Escherichia coli (Yang et
al., 2019).

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Bacteria as Causative Agents of Cancers

3. Bacteria Associated Lung Cancer

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis and lung cancer were mechanically interpreted by chronic

inflammation-associated carcinogenesis (Molina-Romero et al., 2020).

• It is very well established that strong and chronic inflammatory responses promote cancer

development and progression via different mechanisms (Molina-Romero et al., 2020).

• Pulmonary fibrosis and over production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) caused by

Mycobacterium tuberculosis are considered factors initiating lung carcinogenesis.

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Bacteria as Causative Agents of Cancers

3. Bacteria Associated Ovarian Cancer

• Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium have been reported to be associated with

an increased risk for ovarian cancer (Trabert et al., 2019).

• These microbes are associated with female reproductive disorders such as tubal infertility and

pelvic inflammatory disease, suggesting that they can localize from lower to upper genital tract

resulting in infection and persistent inflammation of fallopian tubes and ovaries (Trabert et al.,

2019).

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Bacteria for Cancer Prevention and Treatment

1. Bacteria as Therapeutic Agents of Cancer and Associated Mechanisms

• The first successful utilization of microscopic bacterial organisms was

performed by Morales, Eidinger, and Bruce.

• The group treated bladder cancer with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (Lu et al.,

2021).

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Bacteria for Cancer Prevention and Treatment

2. . Engineered Bacteria for Cancer Therapy

• Salmonella typhimurium A1-R mutant was developed to target the tumors.

• This mutant strain of S. typhimurium has demonstrated selective tumor colonization and

potent antitumor activity in various cell lines from multiple cancer types including

melanoma, sarcoma, glioma, breast, pancreatic, colon, cervical, prostate, and ovarian

cancers (Rahimi et al., 2019).

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Bacteria for Cancer Prevention and Treatment

3. Bacteria in Delivery of Anticancer Drug

• Salmonella typhimurium Ty21a carrying gold nanoparticles has been shown to be efficient
delivery vehicle for the gold nanoparticles to the tumours’ hypoxic regions (Chen et al.,
2018).

• Escherichia coli when used as a targeted transport vehicle to deliver p53 and Tum-5 protein
to tumor hypoxic regions, inhibited the liver cancer growth (Gurbatri et al., 2020).

• Listeria was found to selectively deliver 32-Phosphorus in pancreatic tumors and

metastases regions (Chandra et al., 2017).

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RECOMMENDATION
• Further investigations are essential to increase our knowledge in this area and to
determine the role bacteria in cancer.

• Moreover, reviewing all the research achievements can help scientists reach a
consensus and make this method more efficient in future applications.

• Further investigations are essential to increase knowledge in this area and

determine the advantages and disadvantages of bacteria-based strategies for
cancer treatment.
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 CONCLUSION
• Understanding the complex relationship between bacteria and cancer cells is

crucial for developing innovative strategies in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and

treatment. Continued research in this field holds great promise for improving

patient outcomes.

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REFERENCES
• Chandra, B.C. Selvanesan, Z. Yuan, S.K. Libutti, W. Koba, A. Beck, K. Zhu, A. Casadevall, E. Dadachova, C. and Gravekamp, D.
(2017). 32-Phosphorus selectively delivered by listeria to pancreatic cancer demonstrates a strong therapeutic effect, Oncotarget 8
(13):207-229
• Chen, Y. Wang, M. Qin, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, X. Sun, Z. and Gu, W. (2018). Bacteria-driven hypoxia targeting for combined
biotherapy and photothermal therapy, ACS Nano 12 (6):5995–6005
• Gurbatri, I. Lia, R. Vincent, C. Coker, S. Castro, P.M. Treuting, T.E. Hinchliffe, N. Arpaia, T. and Danino, C.R. (2020). Engineered
probiotics for local tumor delivery of checkpoint blockade nanobodies, Science Translational Medicine 12 (530):1-20
• Lu, S. Dong, X. Wu, R. Jin, H. and Chen, K. (2021). Probiotics in cancer, Frontier Oncology 11 (21):408-421.
• Molina-Romero, O. Arrieta, R. and Hernandez-Pando, C. (2020). Tuberculosis and lung cancer, salud pública de m´exico 6:286–291
• Rahimi, T.B. Lotfabad, F. Jabeen, S.M. and Ganji, K. (2019). Cytotoxic effects of mono-and dirhamnolipids from Pseudomonas
aeruginosa MR01 on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 181:943–952
• Sohn, N. Kim, H.J. Jo, J. Kim, J.H. Park, R.H. Nam, Y.J. Seok, Y.-R. Kim, D. H. and Lee, S.H. (2017). Analysis of gastric body
microbiota by pyrosequencing: possible role of bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori in the gastric carcinogenesis, Journal Cancer
Preview 22 (2):115-121
• Trabert, T. Waterboer, A. Idahl, N. Brenner, L.A. Brinton, J. Butt, S.B. Coburn, P. Hartge, K. and Hufnagel, F. (2019). Inturrisi,
Antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis and ovarian cancer risk in two independent populations, JNCI: Journal National Cancer
Institution 111 (2):129–136
• Yang, J.L. Petrick, J.E. Thistle, L.A. Pinto, T.J. Kemp, H.Q. Tran, A.T. Gewirtz, T. Waterboer, V. Fedirko, M. and Jenab B. (2019).
Bacterial translocation and risk of liver cancer in a Finnish cohort, Cancer Epidemiology Preview Biomark 28 (4):807–813

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THANK YOU

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