Air is our medium

Motion is our business

Service is our mission
Pneumatics Technology in Industrial Automation

RHODORA V. NUESTRO
Industrial PneumaticS
Objective:

At the end of the semester, the students

should be able to have an idea all about the
applications of industrial pneumatics in controlled
machines and determine the electrically actuated
valves and components in electro-pneumatic
controls.
 What is Pneumatics?

• PNEUMA - Greek root term means “breath”

• It is the industrial implementation and application of air

powered actuators (cylinders and motors) and their control
devices (valves) needed in their operation.

• Branch of science which deals with the study of gases

especially air, its properties and application at pressure higher
(compressed) or lower (vacuum) than atmospheric.
Compressed Air as a Working Medium

ADVANTAGES:
• Air is available everywhere
• Compressed air is easily conveyed in pipelines over large
distances
• Compressed air is insensitive to temperature fluctuations
• Compressed air need not be returned
• Compressed air is explosion proof
• Compressed air is clean
• Compressed air is fast
• Straight line movement can be produced directly
Compressed Air as a Working Medium

DISADVANTAGES
• Compressed air is a relatively expensive means of
conveying energy
• Compressed air requires good conditioning
• It is only economical up to a certain force expenditure
of 20,000 – 30,000 N at working pressure of 6-7 bar
• Air is compressible
• Exhaust air is loud (reduced by using silencers)
• The oil mist mixed with air for lubricating purposes
exhaust or escapes to the atmosphere
Units of Pressure

Conversion of Units of Pressure

Bar kPa psi
Rules of thumb
0.069 7 1
1 100 14,5 1 bar = 100 kPa = 14.5 (15) psi
2 200 29 (100 000 Pa)

3 300 43.5 1 Pa = 0.00001 bar = 0.000145 psi

4 400 58
5 500 72.5 1 psi = 0.069 bar = 6897.8 Pa
6 600 87
7 700 101
Samples of Industrial Gauges
Types of Compressors
 RECIPROCATING PISTON COMPRESSORS
 Piston Compressors
 Diaphragm Compressors
 ROTARY PISTON COMPRESSORS
 Sliding Vane Rotary Compressor
 Two-axle Screw Compressor
 Roots Blower
 FLOW COMPRESSORS
 Radial-flow Compressor
 Axial-flow Compressor

Criteria for selection

- pressure discharge and delivery volume
AIR PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION
AIR SERVICE UNIT

Pressure gauge

Pressure regulating valve

Air filter

Compressed air lubricator

 Air Service Unit
Consists of an air filter, pressure regulating valve with
pressure gauge and a compressed air lubricator.
Air Filter - filters the compressed air of all impurities and any

condensate it contains.
Pressure Regulator - a reducing valve is assigned the duty
of maintaining a relatively constant operating pressure
regardless of fluctuation and consumption rate.
Compressed Air Lubricator - used to provide the pneumatic
components with sufficient lubrication. These lubricants
inhibit the wearing of all moving parts, keep frictional forces
to a low level, and protect the equipment from corrosion.
PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS

LINEAR CYLINDERS

 Single-acting Cylinder
 Double-acting Cylinder

ROTARY CYLINDERS

 Rotary vane Cylinder

 Pneumatic motors
Sample of Single Acting Cylinders

Single Acting Cylinder

Diameters 10mm to 32mm
Stroke Lengths 5mm to 100mm
DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDERS

Double Acting Cylinder

Diameters 32mm to 125mm Others 8mm to 320mm
Stroke Lengths 10mm to 2000mm
Forces up to 30,000N at 6 Bar on larger cylinders.
Rodless Cylinders

Rodless cylinders or Linear Drives

are used when long strokes are
required or little fitting space is
available.

Mechanically coupled Magnetically coupled

Operation of Rotary Vane Cylinder

Vane Type
PNEUMATIC VALVES

FUNCTIONS :

 open and close flow paths

 regulate pressure

 directs flow to various paths

 adjust flow volume

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES

• Directional control valves are devices which influence

the path taken by an air stream.
• It is characterized by
• Number of controlled connections or ways

• Number of switching positions

• Additional information given is to define the methods of

actuation.
Symbol Development
• Each valve switching position
• is represented by a square.

• The number of squares corresponds

• to the number of switching positions.

• Lines indicate the flow path.

• Arrows show the direction of flow.

• Shut-off positions are identified in the

• boxes by lines drawn at right angles.

• The connections (inlet and outlet ports)

• are show by lines on the outside of the
• box.
 Ports and Positions

• Number of ports
• Number of switching positions

• 2/2-way valve

• 3/2-way valve,
• normally closed

• 3/2-way valve,
• normally open

• 4/2-way valve

• 5/2-way valve
 Actuation Methods

? ?
MANUAL MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PNEUMATIC
General Spring Solenoid Pneumatic

Push Button Button Proportional

Solenoid

Lever Roller

Pedal Idle Roller

Detent
 Actuation Methods

Roller

+ Roller

Idle Roller
+
Actuation methods

General

Detent

Push Button
Actuation methods

Lever

Pedal
LIMIT SWITCH

DEFINITION:

A device which emits a signal when the actuator is in the

desired position or location.

FUNCTIONS:

tohave an assurance that the actuator has reached its desired

position or location.

to signal the next step in a sequence.

to make the circuit ready for the next cycle.

SWITCHES

POSITONS :
normally open
normally closed

CONTACT
CONFIGURATIONS :
normally open contact
normally closed contact
changeover contact
SOLENOIDS

DEFINITION:
adevice which is primarily used as an electromagnet
used to drive a plunger for the purpose of control
actuation.
SOLENOID VALVES

SOLENOID VALVES CONSIST OF:

a pneumatic valve
a solenoid to switch the element

OPERATING PRINCIPLE:
anelectric current applied to the solenoid generates
an EMF which moves an armature connected to the
valve stem
Relays

Relays are electro-magnetically actuated switches.

They consist of a housing with electromagnet and
movable contacts. An electromagnetic field is created
when a voltage is applied to the coil of the
electromagnet. This results in attraction of the
movable armature to the coil core. The armature
actuates the contact assembly.This contact assembly
can open or close a specific number of contacts by
mechanical means. If the flow of current through the
coil is interrupted, a spring returns the armature to its
original position.
Basic electrical circuits
– Function

+24V

+24V

Push Button

Lamp

0V

0V
Basic electrical circuits
– NOT Function

+24V

+24V

Push Button

Lamp

0V

0V
Basic electrical circuits
– OR Function

+24V

+24V

S1 S2

Lamp

0V

0V
Basic electrical circuits
– AND Function

+24V

+24V

S1

S2

Lamp

0V

0V
PNEUMATIC APPLICATIONS
 Pressing Welding

Automobile
manufacturing

Assembling Painting
Powertrain lines
Food and Packaging Industry
Electronic Industry
 Welding

Pneumatics for Welding guns

Thank you for your attention