FOUR STROKE

ENGINE
• The four stroke cycle in which the sequence
takes place during two revolutions of the
crankshaft.The ‘strokes’ are those of the
piston moving in either direction in the
cylinder.
• There are thus two piston strokes to each
revolution of the crankshaft
 FOUR STROKE ENGINE
INLET VALVE CYLINDER HEAD FUEL INJECTOR EXHAUST VALVE

PISTON

CYLINDER
LINER

CRANKSHAFT
DIRECTION

CRANK PIN

INDUCTION STROKE / COMPRESSION STROKE POWER / EXPANSION STROKE EXHAUST STROKESTROKE

EXHAUST
SCAVENGE STROKE
SUCTION / INDUCTION STROKE

• Piston draws air into

cylinder during downward
movement or stroke
through opened inlet valve.
(suction effect)
• Exhaust valve and fuel
injector are closed
• At the end of the stroke
(BDC) the inlet valve
close, which inside the
cylinder now full with
fresh air.
 COMPRESSION STROKE
• The stroke begin when the
piston start to move
upward (from BDC to
TDC).
• Inlet valve, exhaust valve
and fuel injector remain
closed.
• The air which have been
trapped in the cylinder is
now compressed to rise its
temperature for
combustion of fuel.
 POWER STROKE
• Before the piston reach
TDC(approximately 15 – 20o),
the fuel injector supplying fuel
oil in fine spray(end
approximately 15-20o after
TDC).
• The mixture (fuel oil and air)
ignited and exploded when the
piston at TDC.
• High pressure due to expansion
of the gasses on top of the
piston push the piston
downward toward the end
(BDC) of the stroke.
 EXHAUST STROKE
• The stroke begin when the piston
again start to move upward
(from BDC to TDC) as in
compression stroke, however
only exhaust valve were opened.
• The exhaust gases being
expelled from the cylinder
through this exhaust valve.
• At the end of the stroke (TDC),
the exhaust valve closed but
inlet valve were opened to
continue the cycle again and
again until the engine stop.
 4 - STROKE CYCLE
9

PISTON POSITION
8 3 4
10 9 5
3 4 5 8 10

2 6
1

2
6
DIRECTION 7

1 1/7

PRESSURE
• 1-2 Suction stroke ended
• 2-3 Compression stroke take place. Inlet
valve closed and piston moved upward to compressed the
trapped air.
• 3-4-5 Fuel injector in operation. Combustion
occur due to mixture of compressed air and fuel.
• 5-6 Due to expansion of gasses piston
moved downward. ( Power stroke)
• 6-7-8 Exhaust stroke take place. Exhaust
valve open and piston moved upward removing
unwanted gasses.
• 8-9-10 Overlapping period occurred where both exhaust and
inlet valve were opened.
• 10-1 Suction stroke begin – piston moved downward.
Exhaust valve closed and inlet valve remain
open.
• 1- the rest – The cycle continuous until the
engine stop
 Exh. v/v
closes

Fuel Fuel
injection injection
begins ends

PO
COMPRESSION STROKE

WE
STROKE

R
Inlet v/v

ST
opens

RO
SUC

KE
T

Rotation
EXHAUS

TIO
N STRO
Inlet v/v KE
closes Exh. v/v
opens

FOUR STROKE TIMING DIAGRAM

 VALVE OVERLAPPING
It can be defined as inlet and exhaust valve were opened at
the same time where:-
• Inlet valve started opened before the piston reached TDC
at the end of exhaust stroke. Example 20o before TDC.
• Exhaust valve remain opened and will be closed at certain
degree of the piston movement after TDC. Example 20o
after TDC.
• By providing overlapping period on 4 – stroke engine, the
remaining exhaust gasses will be expelled from the engine
cylinder when rushing in of fresh air on it.
• Thus creating completed combustion
VALVE OVERLAPPING
TDC

OVERLAPPING PERIOD

Inlet v/v Exh. v/v

opens closes