W7 ELECTRICITY Series and Parallel. Science 8

SCIENCE 8 Quarter 1 : Module 7
Lesson:
ELECTRICITY:
Series and Parallel
Connection
OBJECTI
VES
1.infer the relationship

between current and
charge;
Imagine our life today

without electricity.
What is Electrostatics?
Electrostatics
 The study of electricity at rest, the amount of
an electric charge of one body is brought to
neutral body resulting to static electricity.
 static electricity – the electric charges at rest

OHM’S LAW
George Simon Ohm

German physicist is well known
today for his formulation of a law,
termed Ohm's law, describing the
mathematical relationship between
electrical current, resistance and
voltage.
OHM’S LAW
 Current (I) is directly proportional to
potential difference (V) and inversely
proportional to the resistance (R)
OHM’S LAW
𝑽
𝑰=
𝑹
the current that flows in a conductor in ampere (A)
V = the potential difference in voltage (V)
R = the resistance in Ohm (Ω)
When the current increases, the voltage also increases, while the
resistance decreases.
CURRENT (I)
 the flow of electrical charge carriers like
electrons.
 The unit of current is Ampere.
 Ampere is denoted as “A”.
 One ampere measures the flow of electric
charge across a surface at the rate of one
coulomb per second.
An AMMETER is
an instrument used
to measure the
current in a circuit.
RESISTANCE (R)
 is a measure of the opposition to current
flow in an electrical circuit.
 The unit, ohms (Ω) is named after the
German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
An OHMMETER is
an electrical
instrument that
measures electrical
resistance.
VOLTAGE (V)
 the potential difference between two points in an
electric field, which causes current to flow in the
circuit.
 The unit, volts (V), is named after the Italian
physicist Alessandro Volta who invented the
voltaic pile, the forerunner of what we now call the
dry cell.
A VOLTMETER, also known

as a voltage meter, is an
instrument that measures the
voltage or potential difference
between two points of an
electronic or electrical circuit.
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1

Determine the resistance of a wire if a
current of 40A passes through it when a
potential difference of 10V is applied
across the wire?
Find the potential difference that drops

across a hot plate conductor with a
current of 8A when its hot resistance is
45Ω.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN SERIES or
PARALLEL CIRCUIT?
SERIES
CIRCUIT
• A series circuit is
a circuit in which resistors
are arranged in a chain, so
the current has only one
path to take.
• The current is the same
through each resistor.
3 Important Rules for Resistances in Series

Circuit
1. The CURRENT in
all parts of the circuit
is the same.
= =

Circuit
2. The total VOLTAGE is

equal to the sum of all
individual voltages in the
circuit.
+ +

Circuit
3. The total resistance in a
series circuit is equal to the
sum of the individual
resistances.
+ +

Circuit
= =
+ +
+ +
Parallel circuit
With simple parallel circuits, all
components are connected between
the same two sets of electrically
common points, creating multiple
paths for the current to flow from
one end of the battery to the other:
3 Important Rules for Resistances in

Parallel Circuit
1. The total CURRENT is a
parallel circuit is equal to
the sum of the currents in
each branch.
+ +

Parallel Circuit
2. The VOLTAGE across all
the branches in a parallel
circuit is the same for each
branch.
= =

Parallel Circuit
3. The reciprocal of the total
resistance or equivalent
resistance in a parallel circuit is
equal to the sum of the
reciprocals of the separate
resistances.
+ +
3 Important Rules for Resistances in Parallel

Circuit
+ +
= =
+ +

A wire of lights consist of 12 identical light bulbs
connected in series. If the voltage across the
combination is 110 volts and each light bulb has a
resistance of 45 Ω, find the following:
(a) The current through each light bulb
(b) The voltage across each light bulb

A set of bulbs consists of five 350Ω bulbs connected
in parallel to a voltage of 220V source. What is the
(a) equivalent resistance of the circuit, (b) potential
difference across each light bulb, and (c) current
flowing through each bulb?

W7 ELECTRICITY Series and Parallel. Science 8

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SCIENCE 8 Quarter 1 : Module 7

1.infer the relationship

Imagine our life today

 static electricity – the electric charges at rest

George Simon Ohm

A VOLTMETER, also known

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2

Find the potential difference that drops

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE

3 Important Rules for Resistances in Series

3 Important Rules for Resistances in Series

2. The total VOLTAGE is

3 Important Rules for Resistances in Series

3 Important Rules for Resistances in Series

3 Important Rules for Resistances in

3 Important Rules for Resistances in

3 Important Rules for Resistances in

3 Important Rules for Resistances in Parallel

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2

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