Anesthesia

What is Anesthesia?
Anesthesia is derived from Greek
word ( ἀν-, an-, "without"; and
αἴσθησις, aisthēsis,
"sensation“).Anesthesia is state
consisting of loss of conscious,
temporary memory loss, lack of pain
sensation and muscle relaxation.
• The first attempt to general anesthesia were home remedies
and used thousands of years ago.
• Alcohol was the first sedative used as anesthetic in ancient
Opium and Mandrake fruit contain sedatives and analgesic
effect and were used by Egyptians and Mesopotamians.
• BIAN QUE (3000 b.c) was a chinese surgeon and internist who
reportedly use anesthesia for medical purpose.
Medical importance

• Anesthesia itself has no

particular benefit instead it
enables the performance of
medical interventions for
example surgeries.
Types.
•General anesthesia.
•Regional anesthesia.
•Local anesthesia.
Route of anesthesia.
Through
airway
passage.

Intravenous.
Drugs used for anesthesia.

Pentothal .
Propofol.
Desflurane.
Chloroform.
Drugs used for ocular anesthesia.

Lidocaine HCL.
Mepivicaine HCL.
Tetracaine HCL.
Propacaine HCL.
Advantages of general aneshthesia.
1. Patient is not unduly stressed during the
procedure.
2. Allows complete stillness over prolonged periods
of time.
3. There is complete control of airway, breathing
and circulation.
4. Permits surgery in widely separated areas of the
body at the same time.
5. Can be adminsitered rapidly.
6. Can be adminsitered without moving the patient
from supine position.
Disadvantages of general anesthesia.
• 1. Requires a special team of a doctor and
technicians.
2. Requires complex and costly machinery.
3. Requires certain amount of preoparation
of the patient.
4. Carries a major risk of myocardial
infarction or stroke.
5. Associated with malignant hyperthermia.
Complications during anesthesia.
• 1. Bleeding, nausea and vomiting
2. Fever
3. Dizziness, drowsiness, headache
and hoarseness of voice
4. Sore throat
5. Incisional pain
Side effects of anesthetic drugs.
o Epithelial erosion.
o Corneal opacity(in eye).
o Impairment of renal function.
o CNS restlessness.
o Cardiovscular reaction.
Recovery.
• Turn off agent.
• Reverse relaxation.
• Recovery position.
• Monitor until discharge.